Supply distribution and teaching provided.

Background
People who inject drugs (PWID) experience high risk for HIV and HCV infection, which can be mitigated by harm reduction strategies, including syringe service programs (SSP). Understanding individuals’ patterns of substance use and SSP utilization is important for optimizing harm reduction strategies and disease prevention for PWID.
Methods
We evaluated demographic characteristics and service utilization from the New Haven Syringe Services Program (NHSSP), a low-threshold service delivery site in New Haven, Connecticut that provides fully integrated harm reduction and primary healthcare services to PWID. Site-specific data were extracted from the e2ctprevention database, managed by the Connecticut Department of Public Health, and EvaluationWeb from January 2017 to October 2023. We conducted a descriptive analysis of basic demographic and social characteristics of SSP clients, transaction characteristics, and service utilization. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA v 16.1 and IBM SPSS Statistics (v 29.0.2.0).
Results
Among 1,189 unique individuals utilizing SSP during the observation period, most (65.2%) identified as men and white (73.3%), consistent with SSP clients regionally and nationally. The mean age of clients was 41 years (SD = 9.8); approximately half of participants were unstably housed and 80% were unemployed at intake. From June 2020 to October 2023, there were 7,238 transactions, which increased throughout the COVID-19 pandemic period. During this period, the program dispensed 1,860,621 syringes, in addition to other materials, including overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND), and provided patient education on safer injecting techniques and wound care.
Conclusion
In this first comprehensive analysis of a large SSP since its inception and through the COVID-19 pandemic, we described important client characteristics and utilization of an array of syringe services from an integrated SSP. Findings suggest the SSP attracts a high volume of clients, provides on-demand services, and reaches a wide range of clients. Future research is needed to evaluate the impact of the program’s home-delivery service and increased outreach efforts. Despite limitations, the program’s success demonstrates the SSP can serve as a model for other harm reduction programs nationally.

【背景】
注射吸毒者（People Who Inject Drugs, PWID）感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）与丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的风险极高，而包括注射器服务项目（Syringe Service Programs, SSP）在内的减少伤害策略可有效降低此类感染风险。明确个体的物质使用模式与注射器服务项目使用情况，对于优化针对注射吸毒者的减少伤害策略与疾病防控工作具有重要意义。

【方法】
本研究针对位于美国康涅狄格州纽黑文市的纽黑文注射器服务项目（New Haven Syringe Services Program, NHSSP）展开评估，该站点为低门槛服务点，可为注射吸毒者提供全整合式减少伤害服务与基础医疗服务。研究数据提取自康涅狄格州公共卫生部管理的e2ctprevention数据库与EvaluationWeb平台，数据时间范围为2017年1月至2023年10月。本研究对注射器服务项目服务对象的基本人口统计学与社会特征、服务交易特征及服务使用情况开展描述性分析，统计分析采用STATA v16.1与IBM SPSS Statistics（v29.0.2.0）完成。

【结果】
本研究观察期内共有1189名使用该注射器服务项目的非重复个体，其中多数（65.2%）为男性，73.3%为白人，这一分布特征与区域及全国范围内的注射器服务项目服务对象群体特征相符。服务对象的平均年龄为41岁（标准差SD=9.8）；约半数参与者住房不稳定，入组时80%处于失业状态。2020年6月至2023年10月期间，该项目共完成7238笔服务交易，交易量在新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情期间呈持续上升趋势。此期间，该项目除分发各类配套物资外，共计发放1860621支注射器，同时开展了过量用药教育与纳洛酮分发（Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution, OEND）服务，并为服务对象提供安全注射技术与伤口护理相关的患者教育。

【结论】
本研究为该纽黑文注射器服务项目自成立以来至新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情期间的首次大规模全面分析，系统描述了该整合式注射器服务项目的服务对象特征与各类注射器服务的使用情况。研究结果显示，该项目服务受众规模庞大，可提供按需服务，并覆盖广泛的服务人群。未来仍需开展相关研究，以评估该项目居家配送服务与强化外展服务工作的实际效果。尽管本研究存在一定局限性，但该项目的成功实践表明，注射器服务项目可作为全国范围内其他减少伤害项目的示范范本。