Attributes of the soil with cactus pear under organic fertilization, different spacings and sampling times

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical attributes of the soil cultivated with ‘Gigante’ cactus pear under different doses of organic fertilizer, planting spacings and sampling times. Four doses of organic fertilizer with bovine manure (0, 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1), three spacings (1.0 x 0.5, 2.0 x 0.25 and 3.0 x 1.0 x 0.25 m) and three sampling times (0, 390 and 600 days after planting) corresponding to the periods prior to planting, growth and harvest of the first cycle, were evaluated in a randomized block design in a 4 x 3 x 3 factorial scheme, with three repetitions. The pH in water, macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg), micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn), variables of the soil sorption complex (H + Al, SB, CEC, T, V) and soil organic matter (SOM) were determined. Organic fertilization increased the values of SOM, P, K, Ca, Mg, SB, CEC, T and V and reduced H + Al in soils cultivated with ‘Gigante’ cactus pear at different times. The doses of manure increased pH and Mn, regardless of sampling time and spacing. The spacings did not influence the chemical attributes of the soil.

摘要 本研究旨在评估不同有机肥施用剂量、种植间距及采样时间下，‘Gigante’梨果仙人掌（‘Gigante’ cactus pear）栽培土壤的化学属性。试验采用4×3×3因子设计的随机区组方案，设置4个牛粪有机肥施用剂量（0、30、60和90 Mg·ha⁻¹·a⁻¹）、3种种植间距（1.0×0.5 m、2.0×0.25 m及3.0×1.0×0.25 m）与3个采样时间点（定植后0、390和600天，分别对应定植前、首茬生长及首茬收获时期），每组处理设置3次重复。测定指标包括水浸提pH值、大量营养元素（磷P、钾K、钙Ca、镁Mg）、微量营养元素（硼B、铜Cu、铁Fe、锰Mn、锌Zn）、土壤吸附复合体相关指标（H+Al、SB、CEC、T、V）及土壤有机质（SOM）。结果表明，在不同采样时间下，施用有机肥可提升栽培该仙人掌的土壤中SOM、P、K、Ca、Mg、SB、CEC、T及V的含量，同时降低土壤中的H+Al水平；牛粪施用剂量可提升土壤pH值与Mn含量，且该效应不受采样时间与种植间距的影响；种植间距对土壤化学属性无显著影响。