中国东部主要河流与湖泊沉积物污染信息系统建立与应用研究

该文首先收集了20世纪80年代以来文献上发表的中国东部河流与湖泊沉积物重金属和持久性有机物残留数据.利用桌面地理信息系统软件ArcView将这些数据输入计算机，建立了"中国东部主要河流与湖泊沉积物污染信息系统".利用ArcView软件内置的数据地图化功能，对上述污染物含量数据进行了可视化处理.在以上工作基础上，还收集了近20年来文献上发表的有关中国沿海各主要河口与海湾沉积物的重金属含量数据.对上述数据的可视化处理，分析了中国各主要河口与海湾重金属污染的区域分布特征.在"中国东部主要河流与湖泊沉积物污染信息系统"的基础上，通过建立新的视窗(View)和主题(Theme)，分别建立了全国主要河流与湖泊重点断面、黄河流域重点断面(含省界断面)、淮河流域省界断面和重点断面水质污染信息系统.利用ArcView软件内置的专题地图绘制功能，对全国主要河流与湖泊重点断面、黄河流域重点断面(含省界断面)、淮河流域省界断面和重点断面的水质监测数据进行了地图化处理.根据已绘制的有关中国东部主要河流与湖泊沉积物Hg、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、As等重金属污染物和DDT、HCH、PAH、PCB等持久性有机污染物含量分布特征的专题地图，以及中国主要河口与海湾重金属污染分布图，得出有关中国东部主要河流与湖泊沉积物和沿海主要河口与海湾沉积物污染的主要结论.

This paper first collected data on heavy metal and persistent organic pollutant residues in river and lake sediments of eastern China published in literature since the 1980s. Using the desktop geographic information system software ArcView, these data were imported into a computer, and the "Pollution Information System for Sediments of Major Rivers and Lakes in Eastern China" was established. Built-in data mapping functions of ArcView were utilized to visualize the aforementioned pollutant concentration data. On this basis, data on heavy metal concentrations in sediments of major estuaries and bays along China's coast published in literature over the past 20 years were also collected. Visualization processing was conducted on the above data, and the regional distribution characteristics of heavy metal pollution in major Chinese estuaries and bays were analyzed. Based on the "Pollution Information System for Sediments of Major Rivers and Lakes in Eastern China", new views and themes were established to separately develop water quality pollution information systems for key sections of major national rivers and lakes, key sections of the Yellow River Basin (including provincial boundary sections), and provincial boundary sections and key sections of the Huai River Basin. Using the thematic map drawing functions built into ArcView, water quality monitoring data of key sections of major national rivers and lakes, key sections of the Yellow River Basin (including provincial boundary sections), and provincial boundary sections and key sections of the Huai River Basin were mapped. Based on the prepared thematic maps illustrating the concentration distribution characteristics of heavy metal pollutants including Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, As and persistent organic pollutants such as DDT, HCH, PAH, PCB in the sediments of major rivers and lakes in eastern China, as well as the heavy metal pollution distribution map of major Chinese estuaries and bays, the main conclusions regarding sediment pollution in major rivers and lakes of eastern China and major coastal estuaries and bays of China were drawn.