Assumptions of good practices in home care for the elderly: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Objective: To synthesize the knowledge produced on best nursing practices in long-term care for elderly at home, in order to promote healthy aging. Method: A systematic review, based on the Joanna Briggs Institute’s proposal: without restriction of dates; in the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages; conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, Embase and Scopus databases. Results: Among 453 articles identified, 16 were included in the review: seven qualitative and nine quantitative, published between 1996 and 2015. The synthesis of the data identified as best practices identifies a premise of care centered on the elderly and the inclusion of the elderly, family and nurses as agents of this care. Conclusion: According to evidence, good practices in gerontological and nursing home care fundamentally depend on constant planning and reorganization, so that they are indeed comprehensive and contextualized. Thus, providing care will be reasoned by and driven to the elderly, based on their specific and global needs, favoring a process of healthy and active aging.

摘要：
研究目的：旨在整合居家老年长期照护领域的最佳护理实践相关研究成果，以推动健康老龄化。
研究方法：本研究为遵循乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（Joanna Briggs Institute）规范开展的系统综述，检索无时间限制，纳入英语、葡萄牙语及西班牙语文献，检索数据库涵盖PubMed、CINAHL、LILACS、Embase及Scopus。
研究结果：初检共检出453篇文献，最终纳入16篇进行系统分析，其中定性研究7篇、定量研究9篇，发表时间跨度为1996年至2015年。对纳入文献的数据整合结果显示，最佳护理实践的核心前提是以老年人为中心的照护模式，且需将老年人、家属与护士作为照护的参与主体。
研究结论：基于现有证据，老年专科护理与养老机构照护的优质实践本质上依赖于持续的规划与重构，以确保照护具备全面性与情境适配性。据此，护理服务应基于老年人的特异性与整体性需求开展决策与实施，从而助力老年人实现健康且积极的老龄化进程。