Data_Sheet_1_Metabolomics Reveal Induction of ROS Production and Glycosylation Events in Wheat Upon Exposure to the Green Leaf Volatile Z-3-Hexenyl Acetate.xlsx

The activation and priming of plant defense upon perception of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) have often been reported. However, information as to which metabolic pathways in plants are affected by GLVs remains elusive. We report the production of reactive oxygen species in the tip of young wheat leaves followed by activation of antioxidant-related enzyme activity. In this study, we aimed to uncover metabolic signatures upon exposure to the GLV Z-3-hexenyl acetate (Z-3-HAC). By using an untargeted metabolomics approach, we observed changes in the phenylpropanoid pathways which yield metabolites that are involved in many anti-oxidative processes. Furthermore, exposure to GLV, followed by infection with Fusarium graminearum (Fg), induced significantly greater changes in the phenylpropanoid pathway compared to a sole Z-3-HAC treatment. Fragmentation of a selection of metabolites, which are significantly more upregulated in the Z-3-HAC + Fg treatment, showed D-glucose to be present as a substructure. This suggests that Z-3-HAC induces early glycosylation processes in plants. Additionally, we identified the presence of hexenyl diglycosides, which indicates that aerial Z-3-HAC is metabolized in the leaves by glycosyltransferases. Together these data indicate that GLV Z-3-HAC is taken up by leaves and incites oxidative stress. This subsequently results in the modulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway and an induction of glycosylation processes.

植物感知绿叶挥发物（green leaf volatiles, GLVs）后激活防御反应并实现防御预致敏的现象已有大量报道。然而，目前仍不甚明晰植物体内哪些代谢通路会受GLVs调控。本研究报道了小麦幼叶尖端产生活性氧（reactive oxygen species），并随后激活了抗氧化相关酶的活性。本研究旨在探究植物暴露于GLV组分Z-3-己烯乙酸酯（Z-3-hexenyl acetate, Z-3-HAC）后的代谢特征变化。通过非靶向代谢组学分析方法，我们观察到苯丙烷代谢通路发生显著变化——该通路产生的代谢物广泛参与多种抗氧化生理过程。此外，先经GLVs处理再接种禾谷镰孢菌（Fusarium graminearum, Fg）的实验组，其苯丙烷代谢通路的变化幅度显著高于单独施加Z-3-HAC的处理组。对Z-3-HAC+Fg处理组中显著上调的部分代谢物进行质谱裂解表征后发现，其分子亚结构中含有D-葡萄糖。这表明Z-3-HAC可诱导植物启动早期糖基化过程。此外，我们还鉴定出己烯基二糖苷的存在，这说明气态Z-3-HAC可在叶片中被糖基转移酶代谢。综合上述实验结果可知，GLV组分Z-3-HAC可被叶片吸收并诱发氧化应激，继而调控苯丙烷代谢通路并诱导糖基化过程的发生。