Table_1_Differences of corruption types in selected Western and central-eastern health systems during the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review.docx

ObjectivesTo identify, describe, and classify the cases of health corruption present in selected Western [the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (UK)] and Central-Eastern European (Poland and Slovakia) countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MethodsA rapid review of the literature was conducted, evaluating data from 11 March 2020 to 15 April 2021. Information sources included MEDLINE via WoS, IBSS via ProQuest, Scopus, and gray literature.
ResultsThirteen cases were identified across the four countries. The primary type of health corruption in Western European countries was procurement corruption, while misuse of (high) level positions was the most prevalent in Central-Eastern European countries. Actors from central governments were most involved in cases. The rule of law and anti-corruption watchdogs reported most cases in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, while the media reported cases in Poland and Slovakia.
ConclusionThe differences in types of corruption in WE and CEE countries emphasize the need to contextualize the approach to tackle corruption. Thus, further research in preventing and tackling corruption is a vital and necessary undertaking despite the inherent of conducting health corruption research.

研究目标：识别、描述并分类2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间，选定的西欧国家[荷兰与英国（UK）]及中东欧国家（波兰与斯洛伐克）内存在的医疗卫生腐败（health corruption）案例。
研究方法：本研究开展了一项快速文献综述，对2020年3月11日至2021年4月15日期间的相关数据进行评估。信息来源包括通过Web of Science（WoS）获取的MEDLINE数据库、通过ProQuest获取的IBSS数据库、Scopus数据库以及灰色文献。
研究结果：四个国家中共识别出13起医疗卫生腐败案例。西欧国家的医疗卫生腐败主要类型为采购腐败，而中东欧国家中最普遍的腐败类型为（高级）职位滥用。中央政府相关主体在腐败案例中参与度最高。英国与荷兰的多数腐败案例由法治机构及反腐败监督机构披露，而波兰与斯洛伐克的腐败案例则由媒体曝光。
研究结论：西欧与中东欧国家的腐败类型差异表明，反腐败工作需结合具体情境制定应对策略。因此，尽管开展医疗卫生腐败研究存在固有局限，但其针对腐败预防与治理的后续研究仍是一项至关重要且必要的工作。