Open Innovation Capability and Digital Procurement Transformation in Vietnamese SMEs

Data for this study were collected through a structured survey targeting managers and decision-makers responsible for procurement, supply chain management, and digital transformation within Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
A purposive sampling approach was employed to ensure that respondents possessed relevant domain knowledge and practical experience in procurement and innovation-related activities. The target population included firms operating in manufacturing, logistics, and retail sectors, where digital procurement transformation is increasingly critical.
The questionnaire was initially developed in English based on validated scales from prior literature and subsequently translated into Vietnamese using a back-translation technique to ensure semantic equivalence. To enhance content validity and clarity, a pilot test was conducted with a group of academic experts and industry practitioners. Feedback from the pilot phase was incorporated to refine wording, eliminate ambiguity, and ensure contextual relevance.
Data collection was conducted between January and June 2024 using an online survey platform (Google Forms) and through direct distribution via professional networks, business associations, and email invitations. Participation was voluntary, and respondents were assured of anonymity and confidentiality to reduce potential response bias and encourage honest reporting.
A total of 468 responses were collected. After data screening procedures, including the removal of incomplete responses, detection of straight-lining patterns, and consistency checks, 420 valid responses were retained for analysis. The final sample size satisfies recommended thresholds for Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and is also adequate for fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA).

本研究的数据通过结构化调研收集，调研对象为越南中小型企业（SMEs）中负责采购、供应链管理与数字化转型的管理人员及决策者。本研究采用立意抽样法，以确保受访者具备采购与创新相关活动的专业领域知识及实践经验。调研目标总体涵盖制造业、物流业与零售业的企业——这些行业的数字化采购转型重要性日益凸显。问卷最初以英语开发，基于前人研究中经过验证的量表，随后采用回译法将其译为越南语，以确保语义等效性。为提升内容效度与表述清晰度，本研究邀请学术专家与行业从业者开展预调研。研究纳入预调研阶段的反馈，以优化措辞、消除歧义并确保情境适配性。数据收集工作于2024年1月至6月期间开展，通过在线调研平台（Google Forms）以及专业人脉、行业协会与邮件邀请的直接发放方式进行。调研参与为自愿行为，研究者向受访者承诺匿名与保密，以降低潜在的应答偏差并鼓励如实作答。本次调研共回收468份问卷。经过数据清洗流程——包括剔除无效问卷、检测直线作答模式与一致性检验后，最终保留420份有效问卷用于分析。最终样本量满足偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）的推荐阈值，同时也足以支持模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）。