Results of CGM-metrics for each challenge.

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in healthy adults is becoming part of healthy lifestyle activities for preventing cardio-vascular and metabolic diseases. However, there is a lack in describing individual glucose responses to everyday situations, with appropriate metrics. The aim of this study was to provide metrics which describe individual glucose responses to lifestyle factors including diet, exercise, and stress in healthy, young adults. Ten participants wore a CGM device (FreeStyle Libre3®) for 14 consecutive days while completing nine standardized interventions (challenges) consisting of food, anaerobic and aerobic sport, and the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in an exploratory, clinical trial. Individual glucose responses after each challenge were assessed over four hours, using the following metrics: AUC0–4, max glucose, time to max glucose, glucose excursion, and time required for glucose levels to return to baseline (Glucose Recovery Time to Baseline (GRTB)). The study has been registered in the German clinical trial registry (Study number: DRKS00032821). Anaerobic exercise resulted in a significantly greater glucose excursion (28.7 ± 21.46 mg/dL) compared to aerobic exercise (8.8 ± 4.91 mg/dL, p = 0.0228). Food with a rich carbohydrate content caused the highest glucose increase (161.4 ± 15.59 mg/dL). TSST resulted in a significant difference in baseline-corrected glucose concentrations over time as revealed by a two-factor repeated measures ANOVA (p = 0.0113). We provide reference data of glucose response to lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise in healthy adults. Psychobiological stress revealed a substantial glucose response. Using GRTB metrics may quantify the lifestyle stimulus on the important metabolic pathway and can be utilized alongside kinetic metrics for describing individual glucose responses.

持续葡萄糖监测（Continuous Glucose Monitoring, CGM）正逐渐成为健康人群预防心血管与代谢性疾病的健康生活方式举措之一。然而，当前仍缺乏采用合适量化指标描述个体在日常场景下血糖应答情况的相关研究。本研究旨在针对健康青年人群，构建可量化其饮食、运动与心理应激等生活方式因素相关血糖应答的指标体系。
本探索性临床试验中，10名受试者连续14天佩戴“FreeStyle Libre3®”型持续葡萄糖监测设备，期间完成9项标准化干预实验（应激刺激），涵盖膳食、无氧运动、有氧运动以及特里尔社会应激测试（Trier Social Stress Test, TSST）。每一项应激刺激结束后，研究人员均在后续4小时内对个体血糖应答情况进行评估，采用的量化指标包括：AUC0–4（0至4小时血糖曲线下面积）、最大血糖值、达峰时间、血糖波动幅度以及血糖回归基线时间（Glucose Recovery Time to Baseline, GRTB）。
本研究已在德国临床试验注册平台完成注册（登记号：DRKS00032821）。数据分析显示，无氧运动引发的血糖波动幅度（28.7±21.46 mg/dL）显著高于有氧运动（8.8±4.91 mg/dL，p=0.0228）；高碳水化合物膳食引发的血糖升高幅度最为显著，达161.4±15.59 mg/dL。两因素重复测量方差分析结果显示，特里尔社会应激测试可引发受试者校正基线后的血糖浓度随时间产生显著差异（p=0.0113）。
本研究为健康人群针对饮食与运动等生活方式因素的血糖应答提供了参考数据集。心理生理性应激可引发显著的血糖应答。采用血糖回归基线时间（GRTB）指标可量化生活方式刺激对关键代谢通路的影响，且可与动力学指标协同用于描述个体血糖应答特征。