Datasheet1_How physical exercise with others and prioritizing positivity contribute to (work) wellbeing: a cross-sectional and diary multilevel study.docx

IntroductionThis work is a dual study employing a cross-sectional approach and a diary method to investigate how physical exercise can become a habit. Guided by the Upward Spiral Theory of Lifestyle Change, we examined the role of prioritizing positivity and engaging in physical exercise with others as advantageous resources and their impact on the relational loop of physical exercise behavior, emotions, and engagement.
MethodsThe first study involved a sample of 553 participants, and the second study included 146 participants, all of whom were employed and regularly engaged in physical exercise. We utilized structural equation modeling and multilevel analysis for the respective studies.
ResultsThe results of the first study indicate that individuals exercise more when they experience higher levels of engagement and positive emotions, particularly when exercising with others and prioritizing positivity. The findings of the second study reveal that prioritizing positivity acts as a precursor to positive emotions during physical exercise, which in turn reinforces the relational loop between emotions and exercise behavior.
DiscussionBoth studies conclude that individuals who prioritize positivity experience better psychological wellbeing and higher engagement in physical exercise.

引言
本研究为一项双重研究，采用横断面研究法与日记法，探究体育锻炼习惯的养成机制。本研究以生活方式改变上行螺旋理论（Upward Spiral Theory of Lifestyle Change）为指导框架，考察优先关注积极面、结伴参与体育锻炼作为优势性资源的作用，及其对体育锻炼行为、情绪与投入度之间关联循环的影响。

研究方法
第一项研究的有效样本量为553名参与者，第二项研究纳入146名在职且规律参与体育锻炼的参与者。两项研究分别采用结构方程模型（structural equation modeling）与多层分析（multilevel analysis）进行数据分析。

研究结果
第一项研究结果显示，个体的运动投入度与积极情绪水平越高，其锻炼频次也越多，该效应在结伴锻炼与优先关注积极面的群体中尤为显著。第二项研究结果表明，优先关注积极面是体育锻炼过程中产生积极情绪的前置因素，而积极情绪又会进一步强化情绪与锻炼行为之间的关联循环。

讨论
两项研究均得出一致结论：优先关注积极面的个体，其心理健康状况更佳，体育锻炼的投入度也更高。