Supplementary Information Data.

BackgroundPalliative care is essential for end-of-life (EOL) patient care. While prior research has acknowledged the role of self-efficacy in nursing, its specific mechanisms within graded diagnosis and treatment contexts remain underexplored.Aims(1) To investigate the relationship between healthcare providers’ attitudes and behaviors regarding palliative care, graded diagnosis, treatment and the mediating role of self-efficacy. (2) To explore whether self-efficacy moderates the effect of compassion fatigue on well-being at work.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted at two tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province, China, and data were collected from 900 healthcare providers in July and August 2023.MethodsFour validated self-report scales (Palliative Care Graded Diagnosis and Treatment Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior scale, Self-Efficacy Scale, Brief Compassion Fatigue Scale, and Nurses’ Well-being at Work Scale) were used to collect data. Analyses were performed using SPSS PROCESS.ResultsSignificant correlations were found among healthcare providers’ attitudes toward graded diagnosis and treatment, self-efficacy, and their behaviors. Healthcare providers’ attitudes towards graded diagnosis and treatment predicted an increase in self-efficacy (β = 0.161, p p ConclusionSelf-efficacy plays a crucial role in palliative care graded diagnosis and treatment, moderating the relationship between compassion fatigue and well-being at work. This finding indicates that enhancing self-efficacy not only improves nursing practice in palliative care but also alleviates emotional stress and boosts professional well-being.

研究背景：姑息治疗（palliative care）是临终（end-of-life, EOL）患者照护不可或缺的核心环节。尽管既往研究已证实自我效能感（self-efficacy）在护理领域的重要作用，但分级诊疗场景下其具体作用机制仍有待深入探索。研究目的：（1）探究医疗保健从业者对姑息治疗、分级诊疗的态度与行为之间的关联，以及自我效能感的中介作用；（2）探讨自我效能感是否可调节共情疲劳（compassion fatigue）对工作幸福感（well-being at work）的影响效应。研究设计：本研究于中国湖北省两所三级医院开展横断面调查，于2023年7月至8月期间收集了900名医疗保健从业者的相关数据。研究方法：本研究采用4份经过信效度检验的自评量表采集数据，包括姑息治疗分级诊疗知识、态度与行为量表、自我效能量表、简版共情疲劳量表以及护士工作幸福感量表。数据分析采用SPSS PROCESS程序完成。研究结果：医疗保健从业者对分级诊疗的态度、自我效能感与其行为之间存在显著相关性。医疗保健从业者对分级诊疗的态度可正向预测自我效能感的提升（β=0.161，p<0.001）。共情疲劳与自我效能感、工作幸福感均呈显著负相关，而自我效能感与工作幸福感呈显著正相关。此外，本研究证实了自我效能感的调节作用：当医疗保健从业者的自我效能感水平较高时，共情疲劳对工作幸福感的负向影响会显著减弱。研究结论：自我效能感在姑息治疗分级诊疗中发挥关键作用，同时可调节共情疲劳与工作幸福感之间的关联。本研究结果提示，提升自我效能感不仅能够优化姑息治疗的护理实践，还可缓解从业者的情绪压力，提升其职业幸福感。