Replication Data for: "Empirical Analysis of EIP-1559: Transaction Fees, Waiting Time, and Consensus Security"

Transaction fee mechanism (TFM) is an essential component of a blockchain protocol. However, a systematic evaluation of the real-world impact of TFMs is still absent. Using rich data from the Ethereum blockchain, mempool, and exchanges, we study the effect of EIP-1559, one of the first deployed TFMs that depart from the traditional first-price auction paradigm. We conduct a rigorous and comprehensive empirical study to examine its causal effect on blockchain transaction fee dynamics, transaction waiting time and security. Our results show that EIP-1559 improves the user experience by making fee estimation easier, mitigating intra-block difference of gas price paid, and reducing users' waiting times. However, EIP-1559 has only a small effect on gas fee levels and consensus security. In addition, we found that when Ether's price is more volatile, the waiting time is significantly higher. We also verify that a larger block size increases the presence of siblings. These findings suggest new directions for improving TFM.

交易手续费机制（Transaction Fee Mechanism, TFM）是区块链协议的核心组成部分。然而，目前仍缺乏针对交易手续费机制现实影响的系统性评估。本研究依托以太坊区块链、交易内存池（mempool）与交易所的多源丰富数据，针对首个脱离传统首价拍卖范式的已部署交易手续费机制之一的EIP-1559展开效应研究。我们开展了一项严谨全面的实证研究，以检验该机制对区块链交易手续费动态变化、交易等待时长及网络安全性的因果效应。研究结果表明，EIP-1559通过简化手续费估算流程、缩小区块内支付燃气价格的差异以及缩短用户等待时长，优化了用户体验。不过，EIP-1559对燃气费用水平与共识安全性的影响相对有限。此外，我们发现当以太币（Ether）价格波动幅度增大时，交易等待时长会显著变长。我们还验证了区块大小越大，兄弟区块（siblings）的出现频次越高。上述研究结论为交易手续费机制的优化指明了全新方向。