Predictors of residents’ QoL.

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, nursing homes implemented protection measures to limit contact with others. Measures implemented in Switzerland included in-room isolation, prohibitions on group eating, and limitations on visiting and group activities. Nursing home residents thus experienced long periods of social isolation, which could have impacted their well-being and that of their relatives (whether direct family or other loved ones). The present study aimed to quantitatively describe and compare the quality of life, well-being and coping strategies of nursing home residents and their relatives during the implementation of protection measures against COVID-19 in the French-speaking part of Switzerland.
Method
136 residents and 47 relatives from 13 nursing homes responded to the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief-COPE) questionnaire, the Impact of Event Scale-6 (IES-6) and the Post-Trauma Growth Inventory (PTGI). The only (minimal) difference between groups was that resident’s QoL was evaluated using the WHOQOL-OLD, and relatives’ QoL was evaluated using the WHOQOL-BREF scale. Non-parametric T-test were used to compare between group when possible, and linear regression to evaluate predictor of quality of life.
Results
Results showed that relatives coped better with lockdown isolation than did residents, residents developed lower levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms than relatives but there was no difference between the groups regarding perceived stress. Multiple linear regression calculations on indicators of quality of life showed that overall quality of life was most impacted by perceived stress. In the Psychological Health subscale, the familial link also reached significance: relatives who were part of a resident’s direct family had a better psychological QoL than other loved ones from outside.
Conclusion
The protection measures against COVID-19 isolated nursing residents, which impacted their quality of life and distanced residents and their relatives. In both populations, stress symptoms were the single most important predictor of quality of life.

研究背景
在新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）大流行期间，养老机构为限制人员接触而实施了多项防护措施。瑞士境内推行的防护措施包括单间隔离、禁止集体用餐，以及限制探视与集体活动。此举使得养老机构入住者长期处于社交隔离状态，这可能对入住者及其家属（直系亲属或其他至亲）的心理福祉造成影响。本研究旨在定量描述并对比瑞士法语区在实施COVID-19防护措施期间，养老机构入住者及其家属的生活质量、心理福祉与应对策略。

研究方法
本研究共纳入13家养老机构的136名入住者与47名家属，所有受试者均完成了知觉压力量表（Perceived Stress Scale, PSS）、简易应对方式问卷（Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced, Brief-COPE）、事件冲击量表-6（Impact of Event Scale-6, IES-6）以及创伤后成长量表（Post-Trauma Growth Inventory, PTGI）。两组受试者仅存在一项微小差异：入住者的生活质量采用世界卫生组织生活质量量表老年版（WHOQOL-OLD）进行评估，而家属的生活质量则采用世界卫生组织生活质量量表简版（WHOQOL-BREF）进行评估。分析时，若条件允许则采用非参数t检验进行组间比较，并通过线性回归分析生活质量的预测因子。

研究结果
分析结果显示，家属对封控隔离的应对情况优于入住者；入住者的创伤后应激症状水平低于家属，但两组间的知觉压力水平无显著差异。针对生活质量指标的多元线性回归分析表明，知觉压力是影响总体生活质量的最主要因素。在心理健康维度中，亲属关系也具有显著影响：作为入住者直系亲属的家属，其心理健康相关生活质量优于非直系至亲。

研究结论
COVID-19防护措施使养老机构入住者陷入隔离状态，对其生活质量造成负面影响，同时加剧了入住者与家属之间的社交距离。在两类人群中，应激症状均为影响生活质量的最关键预测因子。