Replication data for: Reply to \"Shirking in the Contemporary Congress: A Reappraisal\"

In adding a fixed-effects component to our original model, Carson et al. (2004) suggest that our findings of shirking by departing legislators are spurious. While we might debate whether we require Congress-specific effects for our analysis, we will adopt another approach here. We show that properly incorporating fixed effects using a heteroskedastic regression model, controlling for Congress-specific changes in both the mean and the variance of ideological change, again uncovers shirking.

在向原始模型中加入固定效应（fixed effects）项后，Carson等人（2004）指出，我们关于卸任议员卸责行为的研究结论实为虚假。尽管我们可就分析中是否需要纳入国会层面的特定固定效应展开商榷，但本文将采用另一研究路径。我们证明，通过异方差回归模型（heteroskedastic regression model）恰当纳入固定效应，并控制国会层面意识形态变迁在均值与方差上的变化，再次验证了卸责行为的存在。