Social Representations of the Gypsy Woman among Non-Gypsy Brazilian and Italian Population: Psychological and Social Anchoring

ABSTRACT Based on the non-consensual approach of the Theory of Social Representations, the present study aimed to investigate the processes of social and psychological anchoring regarding the social representations of the gypsy woman, dimension which allows analyzing the modulation of the social objects from the interindividual positioning and the experiences shared by subjects of the representation according to their sociocultural context of insertion. The study included 643 non-gypsy, Brazilian and Italian individuals with mean age of 22.81 years (SD=5.73). Once lexical correspondence analysis was conducted, the process of psychological anchoring indicated the formation of eight clusters, which characterize different representations, according to the following dimensions: magical-religious, maternity and care of the family-group, social exclusion, and female figures. Through the analysis of the social anchoring process, we verified that variables such as contact, gender, and nationality act in the modulation of these different representations over the object, producing ambiguities that have historically led to processes of discrimination against gypsy groups.

摘要 本研究基于社会表征理论（Theory of Social Representations）的非共识性研究范式，旨在探究针对吉普赛女性社会表征的社会锚定（social anchoring）与心理锚定（psychological anchoring）过程。该维度可用于分析社会客体的调适机制，其基于个体间的立场定位以及表征主体依据自身嵌入的社会文化语境所共享的经验展开。本研究共纳入643名非吉普赛籍的巴西与意大利籍被试，平均年龄为22.81岁（SD=5.73）。经词汇对应分析（lexical correspondence analysis）后，心理锚定过程结果显示形成了八个聚类，可依据以下维度刻画不同的社会表征：魔法-宗教维度、母性与家庭群体照料维度、社会排斥维度以及女性形象维度。通过对社会锚定过程的分析，本研究证实接触经历、性别与国籍等变量会对该社会客体的各类表征产生调适作用，进而引发认知歧义，此类歧义在历史上长期导致了针对吉普赛群体的歧视行为。