Life stage hypothesis modeling determines insect vulnerability during developmental life stages to climate extremes

Butterflies are important bioindicators that can be used to monitor the effects of climate change, particularly in montane environments. Changes in butterfly population size over time, reflective of indicator life stages, can signal changes that have occurred or are occurring in their environment indicating ecosystem health. From the perspective of understanding butterflies as bioindicators in these systems, it is essential to identify influential environmental variables at each life stage that have the greatest effect on population dynamics. Life stage hypothesis modeling was used to assess the effects of multiple temperature and precipitation metrics on the population growth rate of a Parnassius clodius butterfly population from 2009 to 2018. Extreme maximum temperatures during the larval-pupal life stages were identified to have a significant negative effect on population growth rate. We speculate that higher temperatures during the spring ephemeral host plant’s flowering, and P. clo..., Butterfly Mark-Recapture
Mark-recapture methods were used to study a population of P. clodius at Pilgrim Creek in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, USA across annual flight seasons between 2009 and 2018 during June and July. Surveys were not carried out in 2012 and 2013. Six 50m x 50m plots a minimum of 100m apart, were located using GPS units, flagged prior to the flight season of P. clodius, and surveyed each year. Survey plots were initially established in 2000 in an effort to balance increasing the area sampled, decreasing the number of recaptures, and maintaining independent sampling within a single meadow (Auckland et al. 2004). Mark-recapture surveys began a few days after the beginning of the flight season and continued until only one or two butterflies per plot were caught during a survey period. Plots were monitored daily if weather permitted throughout each flight season. Surveys were conducted when temperatures were above 21°C, wind was <16kmh-1, and clouds were not obs..., , # Life stage hypothesis modeling determines insect vulnerability during developmental life stages to climate extremes

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.w0vt4b92t](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.w0vt4b92t)

## Description of the data and file structure

### Files and variables

#### File: p.clodius\_environmental.variables.binned.by.lifestage\_2009-2021\_SR.BC\_Jan2023\_ALL\_metric.csv

**Description:** Mark-Recapture-Release data for Parnassius clodius butterflies in Pilgrim Creek, Wyoming, U.S.A. from 2009-2011 and 2014-2018

##### Variables

* Year: calendar year
* effort.num.surveys: number of surveys conducted per year
* caught: total number of butterflies caught per year
* caught.effort: total number of butterflies caught per year divided by the total number of surveys conducted per year
* caught.recap: total number of butterflies caught, including recaptures, per year
* est.popsize: estimated population size using Rmark
* logNt.caught: log transformation of the total number of butter...

蝴蝶是重要的生物指示物（bioindicators），可用于监测气候变化的影响，尤其在山地环境中。蝴蝶种群规模随时间的变化（反映其指示性生命阶段特征），可预示环境中已发生或正在发生的变化，进而指示生态系统健康状况。从将蝴蝶视为这些系统中生物指示物的角度出发，识别每个生命阶段中对种群动态影响最大的关键环境变量至关重要。

研究人员采用生命阶段假设建模（life stage hypothesis modeling）方法，评估了2009-2018年间多种温度和降水指标对克洛迪厄斯绢蝶（Parnassius clodius）种群增长率的影响。幼虫-蛹阶段的极端最高温度被发现对种群增长率具有显著的负面影响。我们推测，春季短命寄主植物开花期间的高温，以及克洛迪厄斯绢蝶...

## 标记-重捕法
标记重捕法（mark-recapture methods）用于研究2009-2018年每年6-7月飞行季节期间，美国怀俄明州大提顿国家公园（Grand Teton National Park）皮尔格林溪（Pilgrim Creek）的克洛迪厄斯绢蝶（P. clodius）种群。2012年和2013年未开展调查。研究人员使用GPS设备定位了6个50米×50米的样方（样方间距至少100米），并在克洛迪厄斯绢蝶飞行季节前做好标记，每年进行调查。调查样方最初于2000年设立，旨在平衡扩大采样面积、减少重捕数量与维持单一草场内独立采样三者之间的关系（Auckland等人，2004）。

标记重捕调查于飞行季节开始后数天启动，持续至每个样方在单次调查中仅捕获1-2只蝴蝶为止。在每个飞行季节期间，若天气条件允许，则每日监测样方。调查在气温高于21°C、风速低于16公里/小时且无云层遮挡...

# 生命阶段假设建模揭示昆虫发育阶段对气候极端事件的脆弱性

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.w0vt4b92t](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.w0vt4b92t)

## 数据与文件结构描述

### 文件与变量

#### 文件：p.clodius_environmental.variables.binned.by.lifestage_2009-2021_SR.BC_Jan2023_ALL_metric.csv

**描述：** 美国怀俄明州皮尔格林溪2009-2011年及2014-2018年克洛迪厄斯绢蝶（Parnassius clodius）的标记-重捕-释放数据

##### 变量

* Year：日历年份
* effort.num.surveys：每年开展的调查次数
* caught：每年捕获的蝴蝶总数
* caught.effort：每年捕获的蝴蝶总数除以每年开展的调查总次数
* caught.recap：每年捕获的蝴蝶总数（含重捕个体）
* est.popsize：使用Rmark软件估算的种群规模
* logNt.caught：蝴蝶总数的对数转换...