Supporting Information Files for: Comparison of SLM cpTi sheet-TPMS and trabecular-like strut-based scaffolds for tissue engineering

Supporting Information Files for: Comparison of SLM cpTi sheet-TPMS and trabecular-like strut-based scaffolds for tissue engineering<br>This systematic comparison between sheet-based-TPMS and strut-based ordered and disordered Lattice topologies offers insights into parametric designs for tissue engineering scaffolds intended as implants in regenerative medicine. The study explores the effect of topology on compressive properties and in vitro osteoblastogenesis. TPMS-sheet Gyroid and IWP, Voronoi-tessellation with varying levels of sharpness and BCC-orthogonal Lattices were studied. Disparities between the design intent and the as-manufactured scaffolds that are intrinsic to the SLM manufacturing process are considered to ensure actual porosity and surface-area-per-unit-volume, two important factors in tissue engineering, are consistent across the set. Surface analysis reports the presence of a micro-porosity created by partlysintered cpTi particles. The TPMS topologies display a stretching-dominated deformation and the strut-based disordered ones a bending-dominated double-shear failure. Although the trabecular-like structures exhibit an enhanced compressive behaviour when the designed topology was smoothed, they are more prone to printing imperfections with the sharper 2 finishes. The in vitro studies reveal that the trabecular-sharp topology displays a faster proliferation rate, explained by concavity-driven cellular growth, but its smooth counterpart promotes a larger differentiation extent, outperforming TPMS, as it is aided by larger pore throats lined with a micro-porosity at the scale of osteoblastic geometric features. <br>

《选择性激光熔化（SLM）制备纯钛（cpTi）薄片型三重周期极小曲面（sheet-TPMS）与类骨小梁支柱型支架的组织工程应用比较》配套信息文件

本研究对薄片型TPMS与基于支柱的有序、无序晶格拓扑结构进行系统比较，为再生医学中用作植入物的组织工程支架参数化设计提供了见解。研究探讨了拓扑结构对支架压缩性能及体外成骨细胞生成的影响，涉及的结构包括TPMS薄片型Gyroid和IWP、不同尖锐度的Voronoi剖分结构以及体心立方正交晶格。研究考虑了SLM制造过程中固有的设计意图与实际制造支架之间的差异，以确保组织工程中两个关键因素——实际孔隙率和单位体积表面积——在整个样本集中保持一致。表面分析显示，部分烧结的纯钛颗粒形成了微孔结构。

TPMS拓扑结构表现出拉伸主导的变形模式，而基于支柱的无序结构则呈现弯曲主导的双剪切失效模式。尽管类骨小梁结构在拓扑平滑化后表现出更优的压缩性能，但在尖锐表面处理下更易出现打印缺陷。体外研究表明，尖锐类骨小梁拓扑结构的细胞增殖速率更快，这可通过凹面驱动的细胞生长来解释；而其平滑版本则促进了更大程度的细胞分化，性能优于TPMS结构，这得益于其较大的孔喉处衬有成骨细胞几何特征尺度的微孔结构。