Table1_Transnational and Local Co-ethnic Social Ties as Coping Mechanisms Against Perceived Discrimination - A Study on the Life Satisfaction of Turkish and Moroccan Minorities in the Netherlands.docx

Perceived ethnic discrimination is known to decrease minorities’ life satisfaction. This research investigates the extent to which minorities’ local and transnational co-ethnic social ties mitigate the negative effects of perceived discrimination on life satisfaction. Put differently, focusing on the experiences of Turkish and Moroccan minorities, we discuss whether co-ethnic social ties, both locally and transnationally embedded, can be considered as coping mechanisms against perceived discrimination. Furthermore, we investigate whether these mechanisms work differently for first- and second-generation minorities. Using Netherlands Longitudinal Life-course Study, we reveal that perceived discrimination is positively associated with local co-ethnic social ties in Netherlands which consequently predicts higher life satisfaction for both generations. Surprisingly, we also show that only among the second generation perceived discrimination is associated with stronger transnational co-ethnic social ties, but not the first generation. Having these transnational ties however are beneficial for life satisfaction of both generations. Consequently, we highlight the importance of recognizing transnational embeddedness of minorities and studying the effects transnational co-ethnic social ties on subjective well-being outcomes especially for second-generation minorities.

学界已知，感知到的族群歧视会降低少数群体的生活满意度。本研究旨在探究少数群体的本地与跨国同族社会纽带能够在多大程度上，缓解感知到的族群歧视对生活满意度带来的负面影响。换言之，本研究以土耳其裔与摩洛哥裔少数群体的经历为研究对象，探讨嵌入于本地与跨国场景的同族社会纽带，是否可被视为应对感知族群歧视的调适机制。此外，本研究还探究这类调适机制在第一代与第二代少数群体间是否存在作用差异。依托荷兰纵向生命历程研究（Netherlands Longitudinal Life-course Study）数据集，本研究发现：感知到的族群歧视与荷兰境内的本地同族社会纽带呈正相关关系，而此类纽带进而能提升两代少数群体的生活满意度。令人意外的是，本研究同时发现，仅在第二代少数群体中，感知到的族群歧视才会与更强的跨国同族社会纽带相关联，第一代群体则未呈现此种关联。尽管如此，拥有跨国社会纽带仍能提升两代少数群体的生活满意度。综上，本研究强调，正视少数群体的跨国嵌入性，并探究跨国同族社会纽带对主观福祉的影响，尤其对于第二代少数群体而言，具有重要意义。