LATIN AMERICA IN THE 21ST CENTURY AND PRODUCTIVE RESTRUCTURING IN THE LIGHT OF THE ECLAC THEORY

ABSTRACT Throughout the 70 years of ECLAC's existence, the thinking that inspired its main works have been based on the structural historical method and the center-periphery model, according to which the movements of the world’s economy would determine the development of the "peripheral" regions. In the 1990s, the countries in Latin America adhered to the structural adjustment models, bringing about the triumph of neoliberalism. As the economies in the region experienced mediocre industrial performance in the following decade but benefited from the favorable international economic environment of the 2000s, with the expansion of commodity sectors, the debate on the need for regional industrialization in the region is still alive. Thus, this article aims to analyze the structural change in Latin America economies at the beginning of the 21st century, based on ECLAC's contributions. The analysis suggests that the restructuring of Latin American economies has happened in a much complex way and that the understanding of such a process involves the analysis of many variables embodied in ECLAC's vision of development.

摘要 在联合国拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会（Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean，ECLAC）成立的70年间，支撑其核心研究成果的理论思维始终以结构历史分析法与中心-外围模型为基础。根据该模型，世界经济的运行态势将决定“外围”地区的发展走向。20世纪90年代，拉丁美洲各国采纳结构调整模式，新自由主义由此在该地区占据主导地位。在随后的十年间，本地区工业发展表现乏善可陈，但得益于21世纪头十年有利的国际经济环境与大宗商品板块的扩张，关于拉丁美洲区域工业化必要性的相关讨论至今仍未停歇。
有鉴于此，本文旨在依托联合国拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会的理论贡献，分析21世纪初拉丁美洲各经济体的结构变迁。分析结果表明，拉丁美洲经济体的转型进程远比预期更为复杂，对这一过程的理解需结合该委员会发展观中蕴含的诸多变量展开综合研判。