Census age-sex adjusted prevalence of disability.

The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness methodology is a population-based survey of vision impairment among the population 50 and above, with optional modules on diabetes, diabetic retinopathy and disability. The first Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness study in the occupied Palestinian territories (oPt) was conducted in 2008. Prevalence of blindness (50+) was 3.4%. 80% of blindness was avoidable. Between July 2018 and April 2019, we completed a nationally-representative follow up survey in oPt using the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness methodology including the optional modules. We tested distance visual acuity (presenting and pinhole) using a bespoke mobile data collection application. 4223 Palestinians aged 50 years and above were enumerated, of whom 3847 participated (response rate 91.1%). Prevalence of any vision impairment (presenting vision impairment <6/12 in the better seeing eye), blindness (<3/60), severe vision impairment (<6/60 but ≥3/60), moderate vision impairment (<6/18 but ≥6/60) and mild vision impairment (<6/12 but ≥6/18) were 25.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 23.8–27.8%), 2.6% (1.9–3.2%), 1.4% (1.0–1.8%), 10.2% (9.1–11.2%) and 11.6% (10.3–12.8%), respectively. Avoidable causes of poor vision accounted for 82.4% of blindness, 83.3% of severe vision impairment, 82.0% of moderate vision impairment and 90.2% of mild vision impairment. Diabetes prevalence (reported or suspected based on random blood glucose ≥200 milligrams/decilitre) was 33.8% (32.1–35.5). Half of diabetes participants had diabetic retinopathy and/or maculopathy. Prevalence of disability (reported functional limitations) was 23.8% (21.0–26.5), and higher in women than men. The prevalence of vision impairment and blindness in oPt compared with 2008 was similar. Prevalence of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy and disability were all high, highlighting key areas for public health prioritization among older adults in oPt.

可避免盲症快速评估（Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness）方法学是一项针对50岁及以上人群的视力损害人群调查，附带糖尿病、糖尿病视网膜病变与残疾相关可选模块。2008年，被占领巴勒斯坦领土（occupied Palestinian territories, oPt）开展了首例可避免盲症快速评估研究，该研究中50岁及以上人群的盲症患病率为3.4%，其中80%的盲症为可避免盲症。2018年7月至2019年4月，本研究团队采用包含可选模块的可避免盲症快速评估方法，在被占领巴勒斯坦领土完成了一项具有全国代表性的追踪调查。研究使用定制化移动数据采集应用程序测试了远视力（现时视力及小孔视力）。此次调查共登记纳入4223名50岁及以上巴勒斯坦居民，最终3847人完成调查，应答率为91.1%。任何视力损害（较好眼现时视力<6/12）、盲症（视力<3/60）、重度视力损害（视力<6/60且≥3/60）、中度视力损害（视力<6/18且≥6/60）以及轻度视力损害（视力<6/12且≥6/18）的患病率分别为25.8%（95%置信区间[CI] 23.8%~27.8%）、2.6%（1.9%~3.2%）、1.4%（1.0%~1.8%）、10.2%（9.1%~11.2%）以及11.6%（10.3%~12.8%）。可避免病因导致的视力不良分别占盲症病例的82.4%、重度视力损害病例的83.3%、中度视力损害病例的82.0%以及轻度视力损害病例的90.2%。基于随机血糖≥200毫克/分升判定的糖尿病（含自我报告确诊或疑似病例）患病率为33.8%（95%置信区间32.1%~35.5%）。参与调查的糖尿病患者中，半数合并糖尿病视网膜病变和/或黄斑病变。存在自我报告功能受限的残疾患病率为23.8%（95%置信区间21.0%~26.5%），且女性患病率高于男性。与2008年的调查结果相比，此次被占领巴勒斯坦领土的视力损害及盲症患病率基本持平。但糖尿病、糖尿病视网膜病变与残疾的患病率均处于较高水平，凸显了被占领巴勒斯坦领土老年人群公共卫生优先级的重点关注领域。