E-learning in Pharmacy Education: what do we know about it?

The increase and flexibilization of e-learning in Brazil has generated concern about the low capacity to ensure the quality of institutions and courses. The objective is to identify the literature on experiences of pharmaceutical e-learning. A scope review was carried out, mapping key concepts and evidence. The selected articles, without period restriction, from the Scielo, Pubmed and Scopus databases provided data on the educational level of experience, modality, workload, content delivery method, instruments used, types of topics, evaluation information and purpose of the study. There were 87 articles on preparation for subsequent classes; feedback or continuation of previous classes; to specific training; the comparison between face-to-face and distance education modalities; and distance learning. Among the subjects treated, 51.8% involved pharmaceutical clinic and 42.5% basic science. Positive student assessment was found in more than 92% of cases. Isolation, and deficits in social and analytical skills were negative points. Technology infrastructure can impact learning. In Brazil, the health area has manifested opposition to the use of distance education in undergraduate studies. There is no evidence on the organization of undergraduate distance courses, but there are elements indicating risks to the results of training and development of professional skills in this modality.

巴西电子学习（e-learning）的普及与弹性化发展，引发了学界对其难以保障机构与课程质量的担忧。本研究旨在梳理有关药学电子学习实践的相关文献。研究采用范围综述（scope review）方法，对核心概念与相关证据进行勾勒与梳理。研究从Scielo、PubMed、Scopus数据库中选取无时间限制的相关文献，提取涵盖实践教育层级、教学模式、课时总量、内容交付方式、所用工具、主题类别、评估信息以及研究目的在内的各项数据。最终纳入的87篇文献所涉及的研究主题包括：后续课程预习、既往课程的反馈或延续性教学、专项培训、面对面教学与远程教育模式的对比，以及远程学习本身。在所涉及的研究主题中，51.8%聚焦于药学临床领域，42.5%则围绕基础科学展开。超92%的案例显示学生评价为正向。而学习过程中的孤立感、社交与分析能力的缺失则为其显著负面问题。技术基础设施水平可对学习效果产生直接影响。在巴西，卫生领域对于在本科阶段采用远程教育的做法持明确反对态度。目前尚无关于本科远程课程组织架构的相关研究证据，但已有若干要素表明，该教学模式可能对职业技能的培训与发展成果构成潜在风险。