Data from: Dispersal influences genetic and acoustic spatial structure for both males and females in a tropical songbird

1. Animals exhibit diverse dispersal strategies, including sex-biased dispersal, a phenomenon common in vertebrates. Dispersal influences the genetic structure of populations as well as geographic variation in phenotypic traits. Patterns of spatial genetic structure and geographic variation may vary between the sexes whenever males and females exhibit different dispersal behaviours. 2. Here, we examine dispersal, spatial genetic structure, and spatial acoustic structure in Rufous-and-white Wrens, a year-round resident tropical bird. Both sexes sing in this species, allowing us to compare acoustic variation between males and females, and examine the relationship between dispersal and song sharing for both sexes. 3. Using a long-term dataset collected over an 11-year period, we used banding data and molecular genetic analyses to quantify natal and breeding dispersal distance in Rufous-and-white Wrens. We quantified song-sharing and examined whether sharing varied with dispersal distance, for both males and females. 4. Observational data and molecular genetic analyses indicate that dispersal is female-biased. Females dispersed farther from natal territories than males, and more often between breeding territories than males. Furthermore, females showed no significant spatial genetic structure, consistent with expectations, whereas males showed significant spatial genetic structure. Overall, natal dispersal appears to have more influence than breeding dispersal on spatial genetic structure and spatial acoustic structure, given that the majority of breeding dispersal events resulted in individuals moving only short distances. 5. Song sharing between pairs of same-sex animals decreases with the distance between their territories for both males and females, although males exhibited significantly greater song-sharing than females. 6. Lastly, we measured the relationship between natal dispersal distance and song sharing. We found that sons shared fewer songs with their fathers the farther they dispersed from their natal territories, but that song sharing between daughters and mothers was not significantly correlated with natal dispersal distance. 7. Our results reveal cultural differences between the sexes, suggesting a relationship between culture and sex-biased dispersal

1. 动物展现出多样的扩散策略，其中包括性别偏向性扩散（sex-biased dispersal）——这是脊椎动物中较为常见的现象。扩散过程会对种群的遗传结构以及表型性状的地理变异产生影响。当雌雄个体展现出不同的扩散行为时，空间遗传结构（spatial genetic structure）与地理变异的模式可能会在两性之间存在差异。
2. 本研究以全年居留的热带鸟类——棕白鹪鹩（Rufous-and-white Wrens）为研究对象，探究其扩散行为、空间遗传结构与空间声学结构。该物种的雌雄个体均能鸣唱，这使得我们可以对比两性间的声学变异，并探究两性的扩散行为与鸣唱共享之间的关联。
3. 本研究依托为期11年的长期观测数据集，通过环志数据与分子遗传分析，量化了棕白鹪鹩的出生扩散（natal dispersal）与繁殖扩散（breeding dispersal）距离；同时对鸣唱共享情况进行量化，并分析了两性的鸣唱共享是否随扩散距离发生变化。
4. 观测数据与分子遗传分析结果均表明，该物种的扩散存在雌性偏向性。雌性个体的出生扩散距离较雄性更远，且在繁殖领地间移动的频率也高于雄性。此外，雌性个体未呈现出显著的空间遗传结构，这与预期相符；而雄性个体则存在显著的空间遗传结构。鉴于绝大多数繁殖扩散事件仅涉及短距离移动，总体而言，出生扩散对空间遗传结构与空间声学结构的影响要强于繁殖扩散。
5. 对于雌雄两性而言，同性个体对之间的鸣唱共享程度均随二者领地间距的增加而降低，不过雄性个体的鸣唱共享程度显著高于雌性。
6. 最后，本研究探究了出生扩散距离与鸣唱共享之间的关联。结果发现，雄性幼鸟离出生地越远，与亲代雄性的鸣唱共享曲目越少；而雌性幼鸟与亲代雌性的鸣唱共享程度则与出生扩散距离无显著相关性。
7. 本研究结果揭示了两性间的文化差异，暗示了文化传播与性别偏向性扩散之间存在关联。