Frequency of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Abstract Objective: To assess the frequency of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their parents, in comparison with children and adolescents without developmental disorders. Methods: Anthropometric measures were obtained in 69 outpatients with ASD (8.4±4.2 years old), 23 with ADHD (8.5±2.4) and 19 controls without developmental disorders (8.6±2.9) between August and November 2014. Parents of patients with ASD and ADHD also had their anthropometric parameters taken. Overweight was defined as a percentile ≥85; obesity as a percentile ≥95; and underweight as a percentile ≤5. For adults, overweight was defined as a BMI between 25 and 30kg/m2 and obesity as a BMI higher than 30kg/m2. Results: Children and adolescents with ASD and ADHD had higher BMI percentile (p<0.01) and z-score (p<0.01) than controls, and increased frequency of overweight and obesity (p=0.04). Patients with ASD and ADHD did not differ between them in these variables, nor regarding abdominal circumference. Parents of children with ASD and ADHD did not differ between themselves. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with ASD and ADHD are at a higher risk of overweight and obesity than children without developmental problems in the community.

【摘要】目的：评估自闭症谱系障碍（Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD）、注意缺陷多动障碍（Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD）儿童青少年及其父母的超重与肥胖患病率，并与无发育障碍的儿童青少年进行对照比较。方法：本研究于2014年8月至11月期间，纳入69名自闭症谱系障碍门诊患儿（年龄8.4±4.2岁）、23名注意缺陷多动障碍门诊患儿（年龄8.5±2.4岁）及19名无发育障碍的对照儿童（年龄8.6±2.9岁），采集其人体测量学指标；同时采集自闭症谱系障碍与注意缺陷多动障碍患儿父母的人体测量学参数。儿童青少年超重定义为百分位数≥85，肥胖定义为百分位数≥95，体质量不足定义为百分位数≤5；成人超重定义为体重指数（Body Mass Index, BMI）介于25~30kg/m²，肥胖定义为BMI＞30kg/m²。结果：自闭症谱系障碍与注意缺陷多动障碍儿童青少年的BMI百分位数（p<0.01）及z评分（p<0.01）均显著高于对照人群，且超重与肥胖患病率升高（p=0.04）。两类患儿在上述指标及腹围方面均无显著差异；自闭症谱系障碍与注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的父母间上述人体测量学指标亦无显著差异。结论：相较于社区内无发育障碍的儿童青少年，自闭症谱系障碍与注意缺陷多动障碍儿童青少年面临更高的超重与肥胖患病风险。