Labour Force Survey 2007, 4th quarter

Labour Force Survey 2007 - 4th quarter.

As of the 1st quarter of 1972, SSB has conducted official quarterly labour force surveys (AKU). These surveys aim to give the labour force authorities (and other people interested) knowledge of the occupational structure of the population and how it develops over time. The surveys are meant to give a foundation and statistical material for occupational prognoses and labour research. The samples in AKU are from 1992 representative at county level. In the period 1972-1991 they were representative on county pair level.

As from January 2006 some major changes were introduced to AKU in order to enhance its comparability to similar surveys in other countries. The changes consist of minor definitional adjustments of unemployment, some adjustments and enlargement of the questionnaire and a change in age definition (age at reference point instead of at the end of the year). Simultaneously the lower age limit to be included in AKU was lowered from 16 to 15 years. This led to some breaks in the time series in the aforementioned areas.

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Originally, AKU respondents were interviewed in two consecutive quarters of a year, followed by a pause of two quarters, and then another two quarters of interviews. The sample was approximately 10-11.000 respondents in each quarter up until 1988. Originally, AKU was intended to be an analytical supplement to the monthly occupational statistics that was based on the social security membership index file. However, the social security-based statistics disappeared when the sickness benefit was included in the National Insurance as of 1st of January 1971, and AKU has after gradually developed into the most significant source of knowledge of the state of the labour market and its development.

In 1975, Statistics Norway changed the sampling frame of survey research, see article 37: “Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundersøkelser”, SSB (About the Use of Random Samples at the Office for Survey Research, Statistics Norway) by Steinar Tamsfoss, and SØS 33: “Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse (Principles and Methods for Statistics Norway's sample research) by Ib Thomsen. Simultaneously, the method for estimation of inflation to national numbers was changed, so that reasonable numbers for regions do exist from 1975 and onwards. The change in 1975 led to a different way of interviewing in groups. This caused amongst other things a break with the AKU panel systematics.

In the AKU survey of 1976, a slightly changed questionnaire was introduced. Also, there was a return to the original 6-quarter rotation scheme. The new questionnaire implied a better identification of family workers and persons that are temporarily without paid work. Thus, 30-35 000 more people were defined as employed. The group of "job-seekers without income" were also extended to include persons that were on an involuntary leave of absence. The questions concerning underemployment and “over employment” in the original questionnaire were abandoned.

From the 1st quarter of 1987, the estimation method (inflation to national numbers) was slightly changed. There was also a minor adjustment in the definition of employment. In order to ensure that the numbers were to be comparable to earlier surveys, new versions of the 1980-1986 AKU-files were drawn up. Consequently two versions of the 1980-1987 files - respectively with the old and new methods of estimation - exist. The “old” means that the data are comparable to the original numbers published in the period of 1972 - 1987, whilst the “new” implies that the data are comparable to numbers published after 1987.
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Between the 1st and 2nd quarter of 1988, the AKU file description was changed. The variable “Labour-market status” was given a different coding. In addition, adjustments in the data collections were made - from interviewing a specific week every quarter to carry out continuous weekly interviews. SSB also started up an escalation scheme to increase the sample size. This affected the weights, and from the 2nd quarter of 1988, these were recalculated monthly. To balance out the quarterly or yearly files to total national numbers, the monthly weights therefore had to be divided in three or twelve to give the correct total number.

In 1996, AKU was significantly revised: The questionnaire, the file description and the standard for coding of industry and occupation. The data collection also changed to CATI - Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing. A new classification of industry was put into use (NOS C 182, based on the EU standard NACE, Rev.1). This standard was updated in 2002 and 2007. Also, the new Norwegian standard classification of occupations (STYRK) based on ISCO 88 was used from 1996 and onwards. The variable indicating socio-economic status was omitted, as a similar variable was not developed in the new occupational classification.

2007年劳动力调查——第四季度

自1972年第一季度起，挪威统计局（SSB）开始开展官方季度劳动力调查（AKU）。这些调查旨在为劳动力管理部门（及其他相关人士）提供关于人口职业结构及其随时间演变的信息，为职业预测和劳动力研究提供基础与统计资料。AKU样本自1992年起具有县级代表性；1972-1991年期间则具有县对级别代表性。

2006年1月起，AKU引入多项重大变更，以增强与其他国家同类调查的可比性。变更内容包括：对失业定义的微调、问卷的调整与扩充、年龄定义的修改（以参考时点年龄替代年末年龄）。同时，AKU纳入对象的最低年龄限制从16岁降至15岁，这导致上述领域的时间序列出现部分中断。

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最初，AKU受访者需连续两个季度接受访谈，随后暂停两个季度，再进行两个季度的访谈。截至1988年，每个季度的样本量约为10000至11000名受访者。最初，AKU旨在作为基于社会保障成员索引文件的月度职业统计的分析补充。然而，1971年1月1日起病假福利纳入国家保险体系后，基于社会保障的统计数据不复存在，此后AKU逐渐发展成为劳动力市场状况及其演变的最重要信息来源。

1975年，挪威统计局（Statistics Norway）变更了调查研究的抽样框架，详见Steinar Tamsfoss撰写的SSB第37号文章《Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundersøkelser》（挪威统计局调查研究办公室随机样本使用指南），以及Ib Thomsen撰写的SØS第33号文章《Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse》（挪威统计局样本研究的原则与方法）。同时，全国数据的膨胀估计方法发生变更，因此1975年及以后的区域数据更为合理。1975年的变更导致群体访谈方式改变，这尤其造成了与AKU面板系统性的中断。

1976年AKU调查引入了略有调整的问卷，并恢复了最初的6季度轮换方案。新问卷能更好地识别家庭工人和临时无薪工作者，因此新增30000至35000人被界定为就业人员。‘无收入求职者’群体也扩展至包括非自愿休假人员。原问卷中关于就业不足和‘过度就业’的问题被取消。

1987年第一季度起，全国数据膨胀估计方法略有调整，就业定义也进行了微调。为确保数据与早期调查可比，重新编制了1980-1986年AKU文件的新版本。因此，1980-1987年文件存在两个版本——分别采用旧版和新版估计方法。‘旧版’数据与1972-1987年期间发布的原始数据可比，而‘新版’数据则与1987年后发布的数据可比。

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1988年第一至第二季度期间，AKU文件描述发生变更，‘劳动力市场状态’变量采用了新的编码方式。此外，数据收集方式也进行了调整——从每季度特定一周访谈改为每周持续访谈。挪威统计局（SSB）还启动了样本量扩充的升级方案，这影响了权重计算，因此1988年第二季度起权重改为每月重新计算。为使季度或年度文件与全国总数平衡，月度权重需除以3（对应季度）或12（对应年度）以得到正确总数。

1996年，AKU进行了重大修订，涉及问卷、文件描述及行业与职业编码标准。数据收集方式改为计算机辅助电话访谈（CATI）。新的行业分类标准（NOS C 182，基于欧盟标准NACE修订版1）开始启用，并于2002年和2007年更新。同时，基于ISCO 88的挪威新职业分类标准（STYRK）自1996年起投入使用。由于新职业分类中未开发类似变量，社会经济地位指标变量被删除。