Sequence of footfalls in elephant walk after [5].

The static loading conditions (loading steps 1 to 4) simulated by FEA are marked and quantified within the sequence. The leftmost loading step is loading step 1, with the elephant at a standstill. Black bars indicate ground contact of the respective foot. fl = left forefoot, fr = right forefoot, hl = left hindfoot, hr = right hindfoot. See text for a detailed description of the loading steps.

本序列中标记并量化了通过有限元分析（Finite Element Analysis, FEA）模拟得到的静载荷工况（载荷步1至4）。最左侧的载荷步为载荷步1，此时大象处于静止状态。黑色条带代表对应足部与地面的接触状态。其中fl代表左前足，fr代表右前足，hl代表左后足，hr代表右后足。有关载荷步的详细说明，请参阅正文内容。