School feeding in Covid-19 times: mapping of public policy execution strategies by state administration

Abstract Objective Identify and discuss strategies for execution the National School Feeding Program by state administrations during the coronavirus disease pandemic 2019. Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional investigation. An exploratory review of the official publication of state governments and the Federal District to find out the strategies for the execution of the National School Feeding Program, after school closures due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Information on the form of execution and the public served by the action were reviewed in a descriptive manner. Results Out of the 27 federative units, 55% distributed food kits, 26% supplied food cards/vouchers and 19% provided food kits and food cards/vouchers. As to the scope, 37% maintained general service, 30% attended schoolchildren from families registered in the Brazilian cash transfer program (Bolsa Família) and 26% attended schoolchildren from families registered in the Underprivileged Families Registry. Conclusion The National School Feeding Program was weak in terms of assuring the Human Right to Adequate Food and Food and Nutrition Security. The slowness of the federal administration and the gaps in the regulations issued may explain the changes in the reported strategies, which, in their majority, violate the principle of universality.

【摘要】目的：识别并探讨2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间，各州政府执行全国学校供餐计划（National School Feeding Program）的相关策略。方法：本研究为描述性横断面调查。针对2019冠状病毒病大流行导致学校停课之后的情况，对各州政府及联邦特区的官方出版物开展探索性综述，以梳理全国学校供餐计划的执行策略。本研究以描述性方式分析了该计划的执行形式与服务对象相关信息。结果：在27个联邦单位中，55%的地区发放了食品包，26%的地区提供了食品卡/券，另有19%的地区同时发放食品包与食品卡/券。就服务范围而言，37%的地区维持了全覆盖服务，30%的地区仅服务于已登记巴西家庭补助金计划（Bolsa Família）的家庭学龄儿童，26%的地区服务于已登记贫困家庭登记册的家庭学龄儿童。结论：全国学校供餐计划在保障充足食物权与食物与营养安全方面存在不足。联邦政府行政效率低下以及出台的监管条例存在漏洞，或可解释本研究报告中策略的调整情况——此类调整在绝大多数情况下违背了普遍性原则。