Comprehensive performance evaluation of plasma vitrification for detoxification and valorization of residual wastes

This study explores the current state-of-the-art in the detoxification and valorization of solid residues from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), especially fly ash, using plasma vitrification. The principles and advances in hazardous material elimination, resource recovery, and system integration using plasma vitrification for MSWI fly ash are identified. The global production and the characteristics of MSWI fly ash are first reviewed. Then, the features and principles of plasma technologies used for MSWI fly ash treatment from the thermodynamic and physical aspects are provided. The mechanisms of detoxification of MSWI fly ash from the perspectives of dioxins destruction and metal separation by plasma vitrification are also discussed. Moreover, the recovery methods of valuable elements for vitrified slag are introduced. Finally, the improvement pathways of plasma vitrification processes from the domains of engineering performance, environmental impact, and economic viability are suggested.

本研究探讨了采用等离子体熔融固化（plasma vitrification）技术处理城市生活垃圾焚烧（Municipal Solid Waste Incineration，缩写MSWI）固体残渣（尤以飞灰为核心研究对象）的解毒稳定化与资源化利用领域当前的技术前沿进展。研究明确了针对MSWI飞灰应用等离子体熔融固化技术时，危险污染物去除、资源回收及系统集成的核心原理与研究进展。首先对全球MSWI飞灰的产生规模与理化特性进行了综述。随后从热力学与物理属性层面，阐述了用于MSWI飞灰处理的等离子体技术的特征与基本原理。此外还从二噁英降解与金属分离两个视角，探讨了等离子体熔融固化技术实现MSWI飞灰解毒稳定化的作用机制。同时介绍了从熔融固化渣中回收有价元素的技术路径。最后从工程性能、环境影响与经济可行性三个维度，提出了等离子体熔融固化工艺的优化改进方向。