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Background
Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. Healthcare workers were exposed to this highly infectious virus during the pandemic and suffered several social and psychological consequences, such as anxiety, psychological distress, and burnout.
Objectives
To assess the psychological distress, anxiety, depression, coping strategies, risk perception, and attitude toward interprofessional teamwork among Egyptian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional online survey which consisted of five sections. The primary outcomes were anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), risk perception towards COVID-19, interprofessional teamwork attitude, and coping strategies during the Coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. The web-based questionnaire was distributed to Egyptian healthcare workers from the 20th of April 2020 to the 20th of May 2020. A snowball sampling method was used. Regression analysis was conducted to test the relationship between the socioeconomic characteristics and the previously mentioned outcomes.
Results
A total of 403 participants responded to the online questionnaire. The majority were females (70.5%) and within the age group of 26–40 years (77.7%), with 2–5 years of work experience (43.2%). Most participants were pharmacists (33%) and physicians (22.1%). Eighty-two participants (21%) reported moderate to severe anxiety, and 79 participants reported (19.4%) moderate to severe depressive symptoms. In the univariate model, the marital status was associated with depression (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.28–0.78), anxiety (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32–0.85), and an attitude toward interprofessional teamwork (β = -1.96 95% CI -2.72 to -1.2). Providing direct care to the patients was associated with lower anxiety symptoms (AOR 0.256, 95% CI 0.094–0.697). More severe anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with difficulties in everyday life and the professional work environment (AOR 4.246 and 3.3, P = 0.003 and 0.01, respectively). Availability of mental health facilities at the workplace was associated with a lower risk perception towards COVID-19 (β = -0.79, 95% CI -1.24 to -0.34) and a more positive attitude towards teamwork (β = 2.77 95% CI 1.38–4.15).
Conclusions
According to our results, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with mild anxiety and depression among healthcare workers in Egypt, especially pharmacists and physicians. We recommend more research targeting the mental health of healthcare workers in Egypt. If proven cost-effective and needed, wide-scale mental health screening and public health campaigns can facilitate effective prevention and treatment strategies. In addition, the availability of mental health facilities at the workplace could alleviate some of the risk perception associated with health emergencies and improve interprofessional teamwork.

背景
新型冠状病毒肺炎（Coronavirus disease-19，COVID-19）于2019年12月首次被发现。在新冠疫情大流行期间，医护人员暴露于这种高传染性病毒中，并出现了多种社会与心理不良结局，包括焦虑、心理痛苦及职业倦怠。
研究目的
评估新冠疫情大流行期间，埃及医护人员的心理痛苦、焦虑、抑郁状况、应对策略、风险感知水平，以及对跨专业团队协作（interprofessional teamwork）的态度。
研究方法
本研究采用横断面在线调查（cross-sectional online survey）设计，问卷共包含5个模块。本研究的主要结局指标包括：基于广泛性焦虑障碍7条目量表（GAD-7）评估的焦虑症状、基于患者健康问卷9条目（PHQ-9）评估的抑郁症状、新冠病毒感染风险感知水平、跨专业团队协作态度，以及新冠疫情大流行期间的应对策略。本网络问卷于2020年4月20日至2020年5月20日期间面向埃及医护人员发放，采用滚雪球抽样（snowball sampling）法招募受试者。本研究通过回归分析，检验社会经济特征与上述结局指标之间的关联。
研究结果
本研究共回收有效在线问卷403份。受试者中女性占比70.5%，年龄集中于26~40岁区间（占比77.7%），工作年限为2~5年者占比43.2%。参与者职业以药剂师（33%）与医师（22.1%）为主。共有82名受试者（21%）报告存在中度至重度焦虑症状，79名受试者（19.4%）报告存在中度至重度抑郁症状。单因素分析结果显示，婚姻状况与抑郁（优势比OR=0.47，95%置信区间CI：0.28~0.78）、焦虑（OR=0.52，95%CI：0.32~0.85）及跨专业团队协作态度（β=-1.96，95%CI：-2.72~-1.2）存在显著关联。为患者提供直接诊疗服务与更低的焦虑症状风险相关（调整后优势比AOR=0.256，95%CI：0.094~0.697）。更严重的焦虑与抑郁症状与日常生活及职业工作环境困境显著相关（AOR分别为4.246和3.3，P值分别为0.003和0.01）。工作场所心理健康设施可及性与更低的新冠病毒感染风险感知（β=-0.79，95%CI：-1.24~-0.34）及更积极的团队协作态度（β=2.77，95%CI：1.38~4.15）相关。
研究结论
本研究结果显示，埃及医护人员在新冠疫情大流行期间出现了轻度焦虑与抑郁症状，其中药剂师与医师群体尤为突出。本研究建议针对埃及医护人员的心理健康状况开展更多相关研究。若经证实具备成本效益且符合实际需求，大规模心理健康筛查与公共健康宣传活动可助力制定有效的预防与干预策略。此外，工作场所配备心理健康设施可缓解公共卫生突发事件相关的风险感知，并改善跨专业团队协作效果。