POLARIS ER-2 Meteorological and Navigational Data

POLARIS_MetNav_AircraftInSitu_ER2_Data is the in-situ meteorological and navigational data collected during the Photochemistry of Ozone Loss in the Arctic Region in Summer (POLARIS) campaign. Data from the Meteorological Measurement System (MMS), ER-2 Nav Recorder (NavRec), Microwave Temperature Profiler (MTP), JPL Laser Hygrometer (JLH), and the Composition and Photo-Dissociative Flux Measurement (CPFM) are featured in this collection. Data collection for this product is complete.

The POLARIS mission was a joint effort of NASA and NOAA that occurred in 1997 and was designed to expand on the photochemical and transport processes that cause the summer polar decreases in the stratospheric ozone. The POLARIS campaign had the overarching goal of better understanding the change of stratospheric ozone levels from very high concentrations in the spring to very low concentrations in the autumn. The NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft was the primary platform deployed along with balloons, satellites, and ground-sites. The POLARIS campaign was based in Fairbanks, Alaska with some flights being conducted from California and Hawaii. Flights were conducted between the summer solstice and fall equinox at mid- to high latitudes. The data collected included meteorological variables; long-lived tracers in reference to summertime transport questions; select species with reactive nitrogen (NOy), halogen (Cly), and hydrogen (HOx) reservoirs; and aerosols. More specifically, the ER-2 utilized various techniques/instruments including Laser Absorption, Gas Chromatography, Non-dispersive IR, UV Photometry, Catalysis, and IR Absorption. These techniques/instruments were used to collect data including N2O, CH4, CH3CCl3, CO2, O3, H2O, and NOy. Ground stations were responsible for collecting SO2 and O3, while balloons recorded pressure, temperature, wind speed, and wind directions. Satellites partnered with these platforms collected meteorological data and Lidar imagery. The observations were used to constrain stratospheric computer models to evaluate ozone changes due to chemistry and transport.

POLARIS_MetNav_AircraftInSitu_ER2_Data 是夏季北极臭氧损耗光化学（Photochemistry of Ozone Loss in the Arctic Region in Summer, POLARIS）考察期间获取的原位气象与导航观测数据。本数据集收录了气象测量系统（Meteorological Measurement System, MMS）、ER-2 导航记录仪（ER-2 Nav Recorder, NavRec）、微波温度廓线仪（Microwave Temperature Profiler, MTP）、JPL激光湿度计（JPL Laser Hygrometer, JLH）以及成分与光解通量测量系统（Composition and Photo-Dissociative Flux Measurement, CPFM）的观测数据。本数据集的采集工作已全部完成。

POLARIS 任务由美国国家航空航天局（National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA）与美国国家海洋和大气管理局（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA）联合开展，实施于1997年，旨在深入解析引发夏季平流层臭氧极地损耗的光化学与输运过程。该考察的核心目标是进一步理解平流层臭氧浓度从春季极高值到秋季极低值的变化机制。NASA ER-2 高空科研飞机是本次考察的核心搭载平台，同时配套使用了气球、卫星以及地面观测站点。考察的野外基地设在阿拉斯加州费尔班克斯，部分飞行任务从加利福尼亚州与夏威夷州起飞。飞行观测时段覆盖夏至至秋分期间，观测区域集中在中高纬度地带。

本次采集的数据包含气象变量、用于解答夏季输运相关问题的长效示踪剂、活性氮（NOy）、卤素（Cly）与氢（HOx）储库相关的选定物种，以及气溶胶样本。具体而言，ER-2 平台搭载了激光吸收、气相色谱、非色散红外、紫外光度法、催化法以及红外吸收等多种观测技术与仪器，用于采集一氧化二氮（N₂O）、甲烷（CH₄）、三氯甲烷（CH₃CCl₃）、二氧化碳（CO₂）、臭氧（O₃）、水汽（H₂O）以及活性氮（NOy）等数据。地面站点负责采集二氧化硫（SO₂）与臭氧（O₃）数据，气球则记录气压、气温、风速与风向信息。合作卫星则采集气象数据与激光雷达（Lidar）影像。本次观测结果被用于约束平流层数值模式，以评估化学与输运过程对臭氧变化的影响。