Data Sheet 1_Strategies for men’s engagement and its effectiveness in improving child health and immunization—a rapid review.docx

IntroductionDespite widespread evidence and recognition that women bear the disproportionate burden of caregiving, there are major gaps in action geared towards equalizing this burden of care between men and women especially in the context of child health and immunization. The goal of this rapid review is to identify and summarize effective and promising strategies for men’s engagement in child health and immunization in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) and further categorize the strategies into its potential for gender transformative outcomes.
MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and CINAHL databases for peer-reviewed literature and identified grey literature sources through key informant interviews. Twenty-seven papers and/or documents were included in the analysis. Data analysis was done through narrative synthesis, and results have been presented using the various levels of the socio-ecological model (SEM).
ResultsMajority strategies were at the “intrapersonal” level of SEM and focused on individual education and awareness building through one-on-one or group communication approaches and practical training. Efficacy of these strategies was measured using various indicators such as knowledge and perception levels, paternal-infant attachment, biological marker levels, and paternal behavior. Joint / shared couples’ decision-making was the only gender transformative outcome reported in this review.
DiscussionWe found gaps in community and policy level interventions, and provider-side interventions to positively influence men’s engagement in child health and immunization. Moreover, only two studies measured the strategies’ influence on improving immunization outcomes.
ConclusionIt can be concluded there is a significant need for more evidence on gender-transformative approaches in child health and immunization programming in LMICs.

引言：尽管已有大量证据表明女性承担着不成比例的照护负担，但目前旨在平衡男女照护负担的行动仍存在重大缺口，尤其在儿童健康与免疫接种领域。本快速综述的目标是识别并总结中低收入国家（low-and-middle-income countries, LMICs）中，推动男性参与儿童健康与免疫接种工作的有效及颇具前景的策略，并进一步依据这些策略在实现性别变革性成果方面的潜力进行分类。

研究方法：我们检索了PubMed、Embase及CINAHL数据库以获取同行评议文献，并通过关键知情人访谈识别灰色文献来源。最终纳入27篇论文及/或文献用于分析。数据分析采用叙述性综合法，结果则基于社会生态模型（socio-ecological model, SEM）的不同层级进行呈现。

研究结果：多数策略属于社会生态模型的「个体内（intrapersonal）」层级，其核心为通过一对一或团体沟通方式、实操培训开展个体教育与意识提升。此类策略的有效性通过多项指标进行评估，包括知识与认知水平、父子/婴儿依恋关系、生物标志物水平以及父亲行为表现。本综述中仅报告了「夫妻共同决策」这一项性别变革性成果。

讨论：我们发现，在社区与政策层面的干预措施，以及能够积极推动男性参与儿童健康与免疫接种工作的服务提供方干预措施方面，仍存在显著缺口。此外，仅有两项研究评估了相关策略对改善免疫接种结局的影响。

结论：综上可见，中低收入国家的儿童健康与免疫接种项目中，亟需更多关于性别变革性干预路径的实证研究证据。