HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

The article examines the historical stages in the development of inclusive education – from practices of social isolation of children with special educational needs in ancient times to modern international and national models of inclusion. The study analyzes key philosophical, pedagogical, and legal foundations underlying the development of inclusive approaches, including the contributions of prominent educators, the influence of the Salamanca Statement, and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, as well as the specific features of the formation of inclusive education in Uzbekistan. The article concludes that modern inclusion is the result of a long-term evolution of humanistic ideas and educational policy.

本文梳理了全纳教育（inclusive education）发展的历史阶段：从古代对特殊教育需求儿童实施社会隔离的实践，延伸至当代国际与各国的全纳教育模式。本研究剖析了全纳教育路径发展所依托的核心哲学、教育学与法律基础，涵盖知名教育学者的理论贡献、《萨拉曼卡宣言》的影响、《联合国残疾人权利公约》的推动，以及乌兹别克斯坦全纳教育形成的具体特征。本文最终指出，当代全纳教育是人文主义思想与教育政策长期演进的成果。