Concrete habitat: Impervious surface in nest vicinity is associated with avian fitness decline in two urban adapters

The conversion of natural habitats to impervious surfaces in cities affects biotic and abiotic attributes of urban ecosystems. Detailed information on the gradual influence of impervious surfaces on reproductive success, however, is lacking. Using five years of nestbox-breeding great tit and blue tit breeding data collected across various habitat types within and outside a Central-Eastern European capital city, we quantified the impact of impervious surfaces on avian reproductive success. Impervious surfaces strongly and negatively covaried with the number of fledged young in both species: a 50% increase in impervious surface resulted in 2.93 (95% CI: -4.27; -1.58) fewer blue tit offspring fledging the nest, and 3.51 (95% CI: -4.79; -2.23) fewer great tit offspring fledging the nest, thus halving the reproductive output of two widespread urban species. These results provide benchmark values of avian productivity for ecologists and urban policy makers, and for the management of urban are..., Study area
Data were collected from 500 Schwegler woodcrete-nestboxes (type 1b, with a 32 mm-diameter entrance hole, suitable for great tits and blue tits) set in a 50m grid within eight study sites in and outside the city of Warsaw, Poland (Fig.1). Our set up comprehends study sites from highly urbanized locations close to the city center (e.g., an office area and two residential sites – blocks of flats typical of post-war Eastern European architecture, built in the late 40’s and 50’s of the 20th century) and from green urban spaces (an urban park and two urban woodlands). The study system is also composed of two study areas located outside the city: a suburban village and a natural forest. More details relative to each study site location are reported in earlier publications (Corsini et al. 2019, 2020).
Breeding data
Great tit and blue tit breeding data were collected for five years (2017-2021). Each year, nestboxes were inspected weekly, starting from March until mid-July with the on..., We used RStudio to analyze the data, inkscape to visualize the final plots and qGIS to generate the map., # Concrete habitat: Impervious surface in nest vicinity is associated with avian fitness decline in two urban adapters

We included data and codes used for the analyses presented in the manuscript entitled \"Concrete habitat: Impervious surface in nest vicinity is associated with avian fitness decline in two urban adapters\".

## Description of the Data and file structure

Data are included for each species. The file **GT_fled** includes data for fledglings analyses in Great tits, **BT_fled** includes data for fledglings analyses in Blue tits.

The text file GT_fled includes data on the total number of fledglings per breeding event. Nests were checked 25 days after hatching (hatching date was recorded as Day 1) to record ho many ringed birds died.

### Labels:

Year: Includes the year of the study: 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 or 2021

Site: CMZ: Urban woodland Jewish cemetary, KPN: Kampinos national park, OLO: residential area Las Olszyna, MUR: residential area Muranow, POL: Urban park Pole Mo...

城市自然栖息地向不透水地表（impervious surfaces）的转化，会对城市生态系统的生物与非生物属性造成影响。然而，目前仍缺乏关于不透水地表对繁殖成功率的渐进式影响的详细研究数据。本研究依托中东欧某首都城市内外多种生境类型下收集的5年大山雀（great tit）与蓝山雀（blue tit）巢箱（nestbox）繁殖监测数据，量化了不透水地表对鸟类繁殖成功率的影响。研究发现，不透水地表与两种鸟类的出巢幼鸟数量均呈显著负相关：不透水地表占比每提升50%，蓝山雀的出巢幼鸟数量将减少2.93只（95%置信区间：-4.27至-1.58），大山雀则减少3.51只（95%置信区间：-4.79至-2.23），最终使两种广泛分布的城市鸟类的繁殖输出降低近一半。本研究结果可为生态学家、城市政策制定者及城市管理工作提供鸟类生产力的基准参考值……

## 研究区域
本研究共设置500个Schwegler木质混凝土巢箱（Schwegler woodcrete-nestboxes，型号1b，入口孔径32mm，适配大山雀与蓝山雀），以50米为网格间距布设於波兰华沙（Warsaw）市内外的8个研究样地（图1）。样地涵盖市中心周边高度城市化区域（例如办公区与两处住宅区——采用20世纪40年代末至50年代战后东欧典型建筑风格的公寓楼群），以及城市绿地空间（城市公园与两处城市林地）。本研究样地还包括两处城市外围区域：城郊村落与天然林。各研究样地的具体位置细节已在既往发表文献中报道（Corsini等，2019、2020）。

## 繁殖数据
本研究收集了2017-2021年共5年间的大山雀与蓝山雀繁殖数据。每年自3月起至7月中旬，每周对巢箱开展一次巡查，相关记录……

本研究使用RStudio进行数据分析，采用Inkscape绘制最终统计图件，QGIS生成研究区域地图。

# 混凝土生境：巢区附近不透水地表与两种城市适应型鸟类的适合度下降相关
本数据集包含了题为《混凝土生境：巢区附近不透水地表与两种城市适应型鸟类的适合度下降相关》的手稿中分析所用的数据与代码。

## 数据与文件结构说明
本数据集按物种分别存储数据。其中**GT_fled**文件包含大山雀出巢幼鸟分析所需数据，**BT_fled**文件包含蓝山雀出巢幼鸟分析所需数据。
GT_fled文本文件记录了每次繁殖事件的出巢幼鸟总数量。研究人员在雏鸟孵化后第25天（孵化日期记为第1天）对巢箱进行巡查，以记录戴环幼鸟的死亡情况。

### 变量标签：
Year：研究年份，取值为2017、2018、2019、2020或2021
Site：样地代号：CMZ：城市林地犹太公墓，KPN：坎皮诺斯国家公园，OLO：拉斯奥尔什尼亚住宅区，MUR：穆拉诺夫住宅区，POL：波莱莫城市公园……