Mechanism testing.

Taking the selection of “National Civilized City” as a quasi-natural experiment and basing on the research samples of 272 prefecture level and above cities in China from 2003 to 2020, this paper explores the impact of the establishment of civilized cities on urban inclusive development and its mechanism by using the time-varying DID model. The findings are as follows: firstly, the establishment of civilized cities has significantly promoted the urban inclusive development, and then parallel trend test, placebo test and other robustness tests verify the reliability of the research conclusions. Secondly, in regions with larger population, stronger financial strength and belonging to the Excellent Tourism City, the establishment of civilized cities has a more obvious role in promoting urban inclusiveness. Thirdly, the establishment of civilized cities promotes the urban inclusive development through government public regulation at the macro level, industrial structure upgrading at the middle level, and talent gathering and infrastructure construction at the micro level. The research conclusion of this paper has a certain reference value for giving full play to the policy effect of the selection of “National Civilized Cities”, further promoting the urban inclusive development and achieving common prosperity.

本文以全国文明城市（National Civilized City）评选为准自然实验，基于2003-2020年中国272个地级及以上城市的研究样本，采用时变双重差分（DID）模型探究文明城市创建对城市包容性发展的影响及其作用机制。研究结论如下：其一，文明城市创建显著促进了城市包容性发展，随后通过平行趋势检验、安慰剂检验与其他稳健性检验验证了研究结论的可靠性。其二，在人口规模更大、财政实力更强且为优秀旅游城市（Excellent Tourism City）的地区，文明城市创建对城市包容性的提升作用更为显著。其三，文明城市创建通过宏观层面的政府公共规制、中观层面的产业结构升级，以及微观层面的人才集聚与基础设施建设，推动了城市包容性发展。本文的研究结论对于充分发挥全国文明城市评选的政策效应、进一步推进城市包容性发展以及实现共同富裕具有一定的参考价值。