Data from: Nitrate reductase phylogeny of potato (Solanum sect. Petota) genomes with emphasis on the origins of the polyploid species

Solanum section Petota is taxonomically difficult, partly because of interspecific hybridization at both the diploid and polyploid levels. There is much disagreement regarding species boundaries and affiliation of species to series. Elucidating the phylogenetic relationships within the polyploids is crucial for an effective taxonomic treatment of the section and for the utilization of wild potato germplasm in breeding programs. We here infer relationships among the potato diploids and polyploids using nitrate reductase (NIA) sequence data in comparison to prior plastid phylogenies and: 1) examine genome types within section Petota, 2) show species in the polyploid series Conicibaccata, Longipedicellata, and in the Iopetalum group to be derived from allopolyploidization, 3) support an earlier hypothesis by confirming S. verrucosum as the maternal genome donor for the polyploid species S. demissum as well as species in the Iopetalum Group, 4) demonstrate that S. verrucosum is the closest relative to the maternal genome donor for species in ser. Longipedicellata, 5) support the close relationship between S. acaule and diploid species from series Megistacroloba and Tuberosa, and 6) show the North and Central American B genome species to be well distinguished from the A genome species of South America.

马铃薯组（Solanum section Petota）的分类学界定极具难度，这在一定程度上源于二倍体与多倍体水平上均存在种间杂交现象。目前学界对该类群的物种边界以及物种与各分类系的归属关系仍存在诸多争议。阐明多倍体类群内的系统发育关系，对于实现该组的有效分类处理，以及在育种项目中利用野生马铃薯种质资源均至关重要。本研究依托硝酸还原酶（NIA）序列数据，对马铃薯二倍体与多倍体类群间的亲缘关系进行推断，并与既往质体系统发育研究展开对比，具体开展以下6项分析：
1） 探明马铃薯组内的基因组型；
2） 证实Conicibaccata系、Longipedicellata系以及Iopetalum组的物种均起源于异源多倍化事件；
3） 通过验证疣粒马铃薯（S. verrucosum）为多倍体物种德氏马铃薯（S. demissum）以及Iopetalum组物种的母本基因组供体，支持了此前的相关假说；
4） 表明疣粒马铃薯是Longipedicellata系物种母本基因组供体的最近缘类群；
5） 支持短柱马铃薯（S. acaule）与Megistacroloba系、Tuberosa系的二倍体物种亲缘关系紧密；
6） 证实北美与中美洲的B基因组物种与南美洲的A基因组物种界限清晰。