Data from: Species and population diversity in Pacific salmon fisheries underpin indigenous food security

Indigenous people are considered to be among the most vulnerable to food
insecurity and biodiversity loss. Biodiversity is cited as a key component
of indigenous food security; however, quantitative examples of this
linkage are limited. We examined how species and population diversity
influence the food security of indigenous fisheries for Pacific salmon
(Oncorhynchus species). We compared two dimensions of food security –
catch stability (interannual variability) and access (season length) –
across a salmon diversity gradient for 21 fisheries on the Fraser River,
Canada, over 30 years, using linear regression models. We used population
diversity proxies derived from a range of existing measures because
population-specific data were unavailable. While both population and
species diversity were generally associated with higher catch stability
and temporal access, population diversity had a stronger signal. Fisheries
with access to high species diversity had up to 1·4 times more stable
catch than predicted by the portfolio effect and up to 1·2 times longer
fishing seasons than fisheries with access to fewer species. Fisheries
with access to high population diversity had up to 3·8 times more stable
catch and three times longer seasons than fisheries with access to fewer
populations. Catch stability of Chinook Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and
sockeye Oncorhynchus nerka fisheries was best explained by the number of
populations and conservation units, respectively, that migrate past a
fishery en route to spawning grounds. Similar population diversity metrics
were important explanatory variables for season length of sockeye, pink
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, coho Oncorhynchus kisutch and chum Oncorhynchus
keta fisheries. Synthesis and applications. We show an empirical example
of how multiple scales of biodiversity support food security across a
large watershed and suggest that protecting fine-scale salmon diversity
will help promote food security for indigenous people. The scales of
environmental assessments need to match the scales of the socio-ecological
processes that will be affected by development. We illustrate that
upstream projects that damage salmon habitat could degrade the food
security of downstream indigenous fisheries, with implications to Canadian
indigenous people and to watersheds around the world where migratory
fishes support local fisheries.

原住民被认为是最容易受到粮食不安全和生物多样性丧失影响的群体之一。生物多样性被视为原住民粮食安全的关键组成部分；然而，这种关联的定量案例却十分有限。我们研究了物种和种群多样性如何影响太平洋鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus属）原住民渔业的粮食安全。我们使用线性回归模型，在30年间对加拿大弗雷泽河21个渔业点的鲑鱼多样性梯度进行了分析，比较了粮食安全的两个维度——渔获稳定性（年际变异性）和获取机会（季节长度）。由于缺乏种群特异性数据，我们使用了来源于多种现有指标的种群多样性代理指标。尽管种群和物种多样性总体上均与更高的渔获稳定性和时间获取机会相关，但种群多样性的信号更强。拥有高物种多样性的渔业点，其渔获稳定性比投资组合效应（portfolio effect）预测的高1.4倍，捕鱼季节比物种多样性较低的渔业点长1.2倍。拥有高种群多样性的渔业点，其渔获稳定性比种群数量较少的渔业点高3.8倍，季节长度长3倍。奇努克鲑（Oncorhynchus tshawytscha）和红鲑（Oncorhynchus nerka）渔业的渔获稳定性，分别由洄游经过渔业点前往产卵场的种群数量和保护单元数量得到最佳解释。类似的种群多样性指标是红鲑、粉鲑（Oncorhynchus gorbuscha）、银鲑（Oncorhynchus kisutch）和狗鲑（Oncorhynchus keta）渔业季节长度的重要解释变量。综合与应用。我们展示了一个实证案例，说明多尺度生物多样性如何支持大型流域的粮食安全，并建议保护精细尺度的鲑鱼多样性将有助于提升原住民的粮食安全。环境评估的尺度需要与受开发影响的社会-生态过程的尺度相匹配。我们阐明，破坏鲑鱼栖息地的上游项目可能会降低下游原住民渔业的粮食安全，这对加拿大原住民以及全球范围内洄游鱼类支持当地渔业的流域均具有启示意义。