CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSESSMENT TOOLS: A SCOPING REVIEW

Objective: To map the knowledge produced on cardiovascular risk assessment tools for adults and the elderly in primary care. Method: This is a scoping review according to the JBI. The research question was: “What are the tools for assessing cardiovascular risk in adults in primary care?”. The study was carried out between August 2023 and May 2024 using the following databases: LILACS, MEDLINE, WoS, Embase, Scopus and CINAHL, as well as gray literature. Rayyan software was used to select the studies and resolve duplicates. Results: The sample consisted of 50 studies. Among the technologies used to assess cardiovascular risk, the following were identified: risk scores (n=27), calculators (n=13), equations (n=7), guidelines (n=5), prediction tables (n=3), graphs (n=1), statistical models (n=1), numbers (n=1) and mobile applications (n=1). There was a higher prevalence in the use of the Framingham score (n=20). The Framingham Risk Score was the most prevalent, followed by Calculating the individual risk score. The most common risk factors among the tools were: age, gender, smoking, HDL, SBP and DM. Conclusion: Among the technologies, the scores and calculators prevailed, as did the Framingham indicators, pointing to the demand for expanded technological innovations regarding cardiovascular risk factors, without limitation to biochemical and anthropometric markers.

研究目标：绘制基层医疗场景下针对成人与老年人的心血管风险评估工具相关研究成果图谱。研究方法：本研究为遵循乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（JBI）规范的范围综述，拟定的研究问题为："基层医疗中用于成人心血管风险评估的工具有哪些？"。本研究于2023年8月至2024年5月间开展，检索了LILACS、MEDLINE、Web of Science (WoS)、Embase、Scopus以及CINAHL数据库，同时纳入灰色文献。研究采用Rayyan软件完成文献筛选与重复项剔除工作。研究结果：最终纳入样本共50项研究。本次研究识别出的心血管风险评估技术包括：风险评分量表（risk scores，n=27）、风险计算器（calculators，n=13）、评估方程（equations，n=7）、临床指南（guidelines，n=5）、预测表格（prediction tables，n=3）、可视化图表（graphs，n=1）、统计模型（statistical models，n=1）、风险数值（numbers，n=1）以及移动应用程序（mobile applications，n=1）。其中弗雷明汉风险评分（Framingham Risk Score，n=20）的使用占比最高，其次为个体风险评分计算工具。各类工具中最常见的风险因素包括：年龄、性别、吸烟史、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、收缩压（SBP）以及糖尿病（DM）。研究结论：结果显示，风险评分量表与计算器类工具占据主流，弗雷明汉相关评估工具的使用也最为广泛，这表明当前基层医疗在心血管风险评估领域仍需拓展技术创新，且评估维度不应局限于生化与人体测量学标志物。