Family Changes and Consequences for Children's and Youths' Growing Up Conditions, Adults, 1995

"Family changes and consequences for children's and youths' growing up conditions" is a cross-discipline research project where the researchers had background from sociology, psychology, social work, child care and family therapy. The purpose of the project was to study the significance of changes in the family structure and public measures for children's and adolescents' developing conditions. Changes in the family structures are defined as "new ways to start a family, new ways of living in a family" and "new ways of reorganizing families after relationsship break-ups/divorces". The project was lead by professor Kari Moxnes.

The sub-project "Families in relationship break-ups" consists of a quantitative survey and several qualitative interviews.

The survey was a regional investigation of divorces in Trondheim and Orkdal municipalities (in two years, 1992 and 1995), where one or several children under the age of 18 when the divorce took place. Trondheim was chosen because this would make previous surveys (Moxnes 1990) and new surveys comparable, and Orkdal was chosen because one sought contextual variety. Two cohorts was necessary for the sample to be sufficiently large and because it was necessary that the sample both consisted of families that were both close and distant to the divorce.

The questionnaire was sent to both mothers and father, and one had no way of identifying how many of the respondents that had been married to eachother and had children together. Information from each respondent is thus treated as if they provided information about different children. Parents were the original units in the survey, but since the subject was "children's situation after the divorce", one made a different datafile where the children were the unit of analysis.

286 parents wanted to be interviewed. These were contacted per phone and asked few direct questions about their current living/family situation. Parents and children that belonged to especially defined groups were thereafter sampled. In total, 114 parents and 96 children were interviewed. The children were interviewed because they belonged to different groups: Children that..

1. ... have little or no contact with the father since the divorce.
2. ... live in families where there have been contact with the public support system during or after the divorce.
3. ... live in two homes
4. ... have one home and live permanently with father
5. ... have one home and live permanently with mother
6. ... live in step families

Parents belonged to the following groups: Parents that..
1. .. have chosen to share the daily custody of the children
2. .. are mothers that have the daily care of their child alone
3. .. are fathers that have little or no contact with their children
4. .. are fathers that have the daily care of their child alone
5. .. are cohabitation fathers
6. .. are homosexual cohabitation fathers

This is the data from the survey amongst parents.

“家庭变迁及其对儿童与青少年成长环境的影响”是一项跨学科研究项目（cross-discipline research project），研究者背景涵盖社会学、心理学、社会工作、儿童保育及家庭治疗领域。该项目旨在探究家庭结构变化与公共措施对儿童及青少年发展状况的意义。家庭结构变化被定义为“组建家庭的新方式、家庭生活的新模式”以及“关系破裂/离婚后重组家庭的新途径”。项目由Kari Moxnes教授主导。

子项目“关系破裂家庭”（Families in relationship break-ups）包含一项定量调查（quantitative survey）与若干定性访谈（qualitative interviews）。

该调查是针对Trondheim和Orkdal市（1992年与1995年两年间）离婚家庭的区域性研究，这些家庭在离婚时有一名或多名18岁以下儿童。选择Trondheim是为了使先前调查（Moxnes 1990）与新调查具有可比性，而选择Orkdal则是为了寻求情境多样性
。样本需要两个队列（cohort），原因在于样本量需足够大，且需同时包含离婚时间较近与较远的家庭。

问卷发送给父母双方，但无法确定有多少受访者曾为夫妻并共同育有子女。因此，每位受访者的信息均被视为针对不同儿童的信息。调查的原始分析单位为父母，但由于研究主题是“离婚后儿童的处境”，研究团队创建了以儿童为分析单位的另一数据文件。

286名父母愿意接受访谈。研究人员通过电话联系他们，并询问了几个关于其当前生活/家庭状况的直接问题。随后，研究团队从特定群体中抽样父母与儿童。总共访谈了114名父母与96名儿童。儿童被访谈的原因在于他们属于不同群体：

1. ...离婚后与父亲联系很少或无联系。
2. ...所在家庭在离婚期间或之后接触过公共支持系统（public support system）。
3. ...居住在两个家庭
4. ...固定居住在父亲家
5. ...固定居住在母亲家
6. ...居住在继亲家庭（step families）

父母属于以下群体：
1. ..选择共同承担儿童日常监护权（daily custody）。
2. ..独自承担儿童日常照料的母亲。
3. ..与儿童联系很少或无联系的父亲。
4. ..独自承担儿童日常照料的父亲。
5. ..同居父亲（cohabitation fathers）。
6. ..同性恋同居父亲（homosexual cohabitation fathers）

本数据集为父母调查所得数据。