Table 1_Effects of high-intensity interval training on aerobic and anaerobic capacity in olympic combat sports: a systematic review and meta-analysis.docx

This study aimed to summarize the findings of research comparing the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with active controls (alternative training methods) and passive controls (no exercise intervention) on aerobic and anaerobic performance in male and female athletes engaged in Olympic combat sports. Using the PICOS framework, the study included original research on healthy, trained male and female athletes in Olympic combat sports. These studies compared HIIT interventions (lasting at least 4 weeks) with control groups, focusing on aerobic and anaerobic performance outcomes. Studies that measured other fitness parameters, had non-randomized designs, or involved mixed interventions were excluded. A database search was conducted on February 1, 2025, through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, while the GRADE scale was used to assess the certainty of evidence. After screening, 20 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review. The results showed a significant effect of HIIT over control groups for maximal oxygen uptake, with a moderate effect size (ES = 1.007, 95% CI 0.701 to 1.312, p < 0.001). A significant, but small, effect favoring HIIT was also found for peak power output (ES = 0.528, 95% CI 0.102 to 0.954, p = 0.015). Furthermore, the analysis of mean power output showed a moderate significant effect of HIIT over controls (ES = 0.871, 95% CI 0.392 to 1.350, p < 0.001). In conclusion, HIIT, whether performed through running or sport-specific techniques, appears to effectively enhance both aerobic and anaerobic performance in athletes participating in Olympic combat sports. These improvements could contribute to better overall performance, supporting the physical and physiological demands of these sports.

本研究旨在总结对比高强度间歇训练（High-Intensity Interval Training, HIIT）与主动对照组（替代训练方法）、被动对照组（无运动干预）对从事奥林匹克格斗项目男女运动员有氧及无氧运动表现影响的相关研究成果。本研究采用PICOS框架，纳入针对健康、受过训练的奥林匹克格斗项目男女运动员的原创研究，此类研究需对比至少持续4周的HIIT干预组与对照组，重点关注有氧及无氧运动表现结局指标。本研究排除测量其他健身参数、采用非随机化设计或涉及混合干预的文献。本研究于2025年2月1日通过PubMed、Scopus及Web of Science开展数据库检索，采用物理治疗证据数据库（Physiotherapy Evidence Database, PEDro）量表评估研究质量及偏倚风险，采用GRADE量表评估证据确定性。经筛选后，共有20项研究符合本次综述的纳入标准。结果显示，相较于对照组，HIIT对最大摄氧量具有显著提升效果，效应量为中等水平（ES=1.007，95%置信区间0.701~1.312，p<0.001）；针对峰值功率输出，也发现了支持HIIT的显著但小幅效应（ES=0.528，95%置信区间0.102~0.954，p=0.015）。此外，对平均功率输出的分析显示，HIIT相较于对照组具有中等程度的显著提升效应（ES=0.871，95%置信区间0.392~1.350，p<0.001）。综上，无论采用跑步还是项目专属技术开展HIIT训练，均能有效提升参与奥林匹克格斗项目运动员的有氧及无氧运动表现。此类改善有助于提升整体竞技表现，满足该类项目对身体及生理机能的需求。