RHOTICS IN FINAL SYLLABLE CODA OF INFINITIVE VERB FORMS IN “CAIPIRA” PORTUGUESE SPOKEN IN SÃO PAULO STATE

ABSTRACT Within the framework of Pluridimensional Dialectology (RADTKE; THUN, 1996; THUN, 2000, 2005 etc.), this study presents both a record and an analysis of variants in final syllable coda of the infinitive ending followed by a break, as they are currently spoken in the Médio Tietê region, the birthplace of São Paulo state’s “Caipira” culture. The data were collected by Figueiredo Jr. (2019) in ten localities in the region: Santana de Parnaíba, Pirapora do Bom Jesus, Araçariguama, São Roque, Sorocaba, Itu, Porto Feliz, Tietê, Capivari, and Piracicaba. The methodological instrument applied is the Phonetic-Phonological Questionnaire made by “Atlas Linguístico do Brasil” (COMITÊ NACIONAL DO PROJETO ALiB, 2001). Eighty informants partook in the research, evenly women and men, young (18–36) and old (≥ 55) individuals, and with low and high education. The variants collected are: retroflex approximant ([ɻ]), alveolar tap ([ɾ]), phonetic zero ([Ø]), and alveolar trill ([r]). The analysis is based on descriptive statistics and pluridimensional dialectological cartography, from which a set of relevant conclusions is drawn. One of them is that the retroflex approximant occurs as the most frequent variant from a broad perspective and, from a correlational viewpoint, another one is that, according to evidence, the external factor influencing the prevalence of the retroflex approximant is not diastratic, nor diasexual, nor diatopic, but rather diagenerational.

摘要
在多维方言学（Pluridimensional Dialectology）框架下（RADTKE、THUN，1996；THUN，2000、2005等），本研究针对中蒂特河地区（Médio Tietê）——圣保罗州“卡伊皮拉（Caipira）”文化的发源地——当前口语中，动词不定式词尾音节后带停顿的尾辅音变体展开记录与分析。
数据由Figueiredo Jr.（2019）在该地区10个地点采集：桑塔纳-德帕纳伊巴（Santana de Parnaíba）、皮拉波拉-杜邦热苏斯（Pirapora do Bom Jesus）、阿拉萨里瓜马（Araçariguama）、圣罗克（São Roque）、索罗卡巴（Sorocaba）、伊图（Itu）、波尔图费利斯（Porto Feliz）、蒂特（Tietê）、卡皮瓦里（Capivari）以及皮拉西卡巴（Piracicaba）。
本研究采用的研究工具为巴西语言地图集（Atlas Linguístico do Brasil）项目国家委员会（COMITÊ NACIONAL DO PROJETO ALiB，2001）编制的《语音-音系调查问卷（Phonetic-Phonological Questionnaire）》。
本次研究共招募80名调查对象，男女比例均衡，涵盖青年（18~36岁）与老年（≥55岁）群体，且受教育程度覆盖低、高两个层级。
本次采集的语音变体包括：卷舌近音（retroflex approximant，[ɻ]）、齿龈闪音（alveolar tap，[ɾ]）、语音零位（phonetic zero，[Ø]）以及齿龈颤音（alveolar trill，[r]）。
分析基于描述性统计与多维方言学制图法展开，最终得出一系列相关结论。其中一项结论显示，从宏观视角来看，卷舌近音为出现频率最高的变体；另一项相关性结论则表明，影响卷舌近音流行程度的外部因素既非社会阶层差异、性别差异，亦非地域差异，而是代际差异。