Effectiveness of acupuncture, ozonio therapy and low-intensity laser in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction of muscle origin: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Introduction One of the most common causes of orofacial pain is temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Objective The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acupuncture, ozone therapy and laser therapy in the treatment of muscle TMD patients through a randomized controlled trial. Material and method Twelve professors and postgraduate students from the University of Passo Fundo, diagnosed with TMD, aged between 23 and 50 years old, of both sexes, were evaluated. Individuals were randomly divided into 3 groups: G1: laser therapy, G2: acupuncture, and G3: ozone therapy. TMD diagnostic questionnaires (RDC / TMD), Quality of Life Questionnaire (OHIP-14), Pain Scale (VAS) and maximum mouth opening were applied. Descriptive statistics and percentage were used for sample characterization, which were presented using absolute and relative frequency distributions. Qualitative variables were analyzed with Wilcoxon tests p≤0.05. Result There was no statistically significant difference between treatments. Regarding pain and maximum mouth opening, the groups showed no statistical difference when individually analyzed, but when compared in general, they did (p=0.002 and p=0.003). Conclusion It can be considered that all treatments were able to decrease pain and improve maximal opening capacity related to muscle TMD. It can also be concluded that the TMD-related quality of life, in relation to the pain variable, was generally effective when compared before and after the interventions.

摘要
引言 口面部疼痛最常见的诱因之一为颞下颌紊乱（temporomandibular disorder, TMD）。
研究目的 本研究旨在通过随机对照试验，比较针灸、臭氧疗法与激光疗法治疗肌肉型颞下颌紊乱患者的临床疗效。
材料与方法 招募12名来自帕索丰杜大学、确诊为颞下颌紊乱的教授与研究生作为受试者，年龄介于23至50岁，男女兼具。将受试者随机分为3组：G1组接受激光疗法，G2组接受针灸疗法，G3组接受臭氧疗法。研究采用颞下颌紊乱诊断问卷（RDC/TMD）、生活质量问卷（OHIP-14）、疼痛量表（VAS）以及最大张口度进行评估。样本特征采用描述性统计与百分比进行表征，以绝对频数与相对频数分布的形式展示；定性变量采用Wilcoxon检验进行分析，检验水准设为p≤0.05。
结果 各治疗方案间未观察到统计学差异。针对疼痛与最大张口度指标，各组单独分析时未显示统计学差异，但整体比较时差异具有统计学意义（p=0.002及p=0.003）。
结论 可以认为，所有治疗方式均能减轻肌肉型颞下颌紊乱患者的疼痛，并改善其最大张口功能。此外还可得出结论：相较于干预前，以疼痛为评估变量的颞下颌紊乱相关生活质量总体上得到了有效改善。