Native species exploited by marine aquarium trade in Brazil

Abstract: Brazil has an important role in marine ornamental trade, exploiting native species for both international and domestic market. A few works have previously assessed wild species exploited by the Brazilian marine aquarium industry and most of them focused solely on fish. Hence, the present paper intends to address an information gap regarding the species currently traded in the country, as well as concerning their conservation statuses. Thus, different sources of information were investigated and each species was categorized in accordance with existing lists of threatened species. A wide variety of native species was identified in Brazilian marine aquarium trade, including not only fish but also invertebrates, seaweeds and macrophytes. Some of these species were legally protected, but are still commerced anyway. Such illegal exploitation of native species causes increasing concerns about the sustainability of the activity. Therefore, in order to reduce environmental impacts caused by marine ornamental trade, Brazilian authorities should encourage the implementation of eco-fees, the purchase of eco-labeled aquarium products, the development of sustainable ornamental aquaculture and ecosystem-based management initiatives.

摘要：巴西在海洋观赏贸易领域占据重要地位，其利用本土物种服务于国际与国内两大市场。此前已有若干研究对巴西海洋水族产业所开发利用的野生物种开展评估，但其中绝大多数仅聚焦于鱼类类群。有鉴于此，本研究旨在填补该国当前观赏贸易物种及其保护现状相关的信息缺口。据此，本研究调研了多类信息来源，并依据现有濒危物种名录对各物种进行分类。研究发现，巴西海洋观赏贸易涉及的本土物种类别繁多，不仅涵盖鱼类，还包括无脊椎动物、海藻及大型水生植物。其中部分物种虽已纳入法律保护范畴，但仍被非法交易。此类针对本土物种的非法开发行为，正引发人们对该产业可持续性的与日俱增的担忧。为降低海洋观赏贸易所带来的环境影响，巴西相关主管部门应推动落实生态收费制度、鼓励采购带有生态标签的水族产品、发展可持续观赏水产养殖，并推广基于生态系统的管理举措。