Data from: Seasonality in daily movement patterns of mandrills revealed by combining direct tracking and camera traps

This dataset, containing three CSV files and one R code, was collected in
a field study on wild mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) groups in
Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon. We analysed the data to examine the
temporal variations in movement rates of mandrill groups and
their seasonal changes. Summary of Methods and Results In a 400-km2
rainforest area in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon, we tracked
unidentified groups 46 times in 2009–2013; in the same area, we
systematically placed 157 terrestrial camera traps in 2012–2014 and
recorded groups 309 times. Generalised additive mixed models (GAMM) of the
tracking data (GPSerror.csv, TrackData.csv) indicated that the
group travel speed varied with time and season: In the fruiting season,
the movement rate fluctuated with time in a bimodal pattern; in the
non-fruiting season, it increased monotonously with time. Predicted day
ranges were longer in the fruiting season (7.10 km) than in the
non-fruiting season (6.18 km). These seasonal differences suggest
responses to changes in food resources and temperature. Camera-trap
detection rates (CameraData.csv) showed similar temporal and seasonal
patterns to the tracking data, allowing us to generalise our findings to
the population level. Moreover, cameras never detected mandrills at night,
and we observed that they slept high in trees and hardly moved until the
next morning, all suggesting their strict avoidance of night-time
movement.

该数据集包含3个CSV文件和1个R代码，是在加蓬穆卡拉巴-杜杜国家公园开展的野生山魈（Mandrillus sphinx）群体野外研究中收集所得。我们对该数据进行分析，旨在探究山魈群体移动速率的时间变化及其季节性差异。方法与结果总结：在加蓬穆卡拉巴-杜杜国家公园一片400平方公里的雨林区域内，我们于2009–2013年间对未识别群体进行了46次追踪；在同一区域，我们于2012–2014年间系统性布设了157个地面相机陷阱（terrestrial camera traps），并记录到群体309次。基于追踪数据（GPSerror.csv、TrackData.csv）的广义加性混合模型（Generalised Additive Mixed Models, GAMM）分析表明，群体移动速度随时间和季节变化：在结果季，移动速率随时间呈双峰模式波动；在非结果季，移动速率随时间单调递增。预测的日活动范围在结果季（7.10公里）比非结果季（6.18公里）更长。这些季节性差异反映了山魈群体对食物资源和温度变化的响应。相机陷阱检测率（CameraData.csv）显示出与追踪数据相似的时间和季节模式，这使得我们能够将研究结果推广至种群水平。此外，相机从未在夜间捕捉到山魈，且我们观察到它们在树上高处睡眠，直至次日早晨几乎不移动——所有这些均表明山魈严格避免夜间活动。