Socio-demographic data.

Maladaptive personality, the motivational systems, and intolerance of uncertainty play important roles in the statistical explanation of depression and anxiety. Here, we notably examined for the first time whether symptoms of depression, anxiety, health anxiety, and fear of COVID-19 share similar associations (e.g., variance explained) with these important dispositional dimensions. For this cross-sectional study, data from 1001 participants recruited in Germany (50% women; mean age = 47.26) were collected. In separate models, we examined the cross-sectional associations of the symptoms of depression, anxiety, health anxiety, and fear of COVID-19 with the Personality Inventory for DSM Short Form Plus scales, the Behavioral Inhibition System / Flight–Fight–Freeze System / Behavioral Activation System scales, and Intolerance of Uncertainty scales. Relative weight analyses were used to determine the within-model importance of the different scales in the prediction of the symptoms. All in all, our study showed that maladaptive personality and intolerance of uncertainty dimensions are more important sets of predictors of the studied outcomes (with which depressive and anxious symptomatology feature very similar associations) than are the motivational system dimensions. Within predictor sets, the scales with the most important predictors were: Negative Affectivity, the Behavioral Inhibition System, and Burden due to Intolerance of Uncertainty. Our findings highlight the relevance of focusing behavioral targets of psychotherapy on these within-set traits and identify potential research priorities (maladaptive personality and intolerance of uncertainty) in relation to the symptoms of interest.

适应不良型人格、动机系统以及不确定性耐受性（Intolerance of Uncertainty）在抑郁与焦虑的统计学解释中发挥着重要作用。本研究首次重点探讨了抑郁、焦虑、健康焦虑与新冠恐惧的症状，与上述关键人格倾向维度是否存在相似关联（如可解释的方差）。本项横断面研究共收集了来自德国招募的1001名参与者的数据（其中女性占比50%，平均年龄为47.26岁）。我们通过独立模型，分别考察了抑郁、焦虑、健康焦虑与新冠恐惧症状，与《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》人格量表简版Plus（Personality Inventory for DSM Short Form Plus）、行为抑制系统/逃跑-战斗-僵住系统/行为激活系统（Behavioral Inhibition System / Flight–Fight–Freeze System / Behavioral Activation System）量表，以及不确定性耐受性量表之间的横断面关联。本研究采用相对权重分析，以明确各量表在症状预测模型中的内部重要性。总体而言，本研究发现，相较于动机系统维度，适应不良型人格与不确定性耐受性维度作为本研究关注结局的预测因子更为重要——抑郁与焦虑症状与这两类维度的关联模式高度相似。在各预测因子组中，权重最高的量表分别为：消极情感性（Negative Affectivity）、行为抑制系统，以及不确定性耐受性负担（Burden due to Intolerance of Uncertainty）。本研究结果凸显了将心理治疗的行为靶点聚焦于上述组内特质的必要性，并明确了针对本研究关注症状的潜在研究优先级方向——即适应不良型人格与不确定性耐受性。