Age estimates (in YBP) of STR and HVS variation for the most common haplogroups in the Italian data set.

Standard deviation (SD) estimator (Sengupta et al. 2006) and ñ statistic calculator (Soares et al. 2009) were used for Y-chromosome and mtDNA haplogroups respectively. Ages were estimated for the entire haplogroups as well as for each DAPC cluster with at least 10 individuals and frequencies >70% in NWI, SEI, or SAR (excepted for G-P15, cluster 2, see Methods).

本研究分别针对Y染色体单倍群与线粒体DNA（mtDNA）单倍群，采用标准差（SD）估计器（Sengupta等，2006）及ñ统计量计算器（Soares等，2009）开展分析。随后，针对全部单倍群，以及在NWI、SEI或SAR区域中个体数至少为10且频率大于70%的各主成分判别分析（DAPC）聚类簇（G-P15聚类簇2除外，详见Methods），估算了其分化年代。