Supplementary file 1_Recent advances in crocodilian oil research: bioactive components and potential therapeutic applications.docx

The economic value of crocodilian farming has risen substantially in recent years, drawing increasing attention to crocodilian oil as a traditional natural remedy rich in diverse bioactive constituents. Despite its therapeutic potential, crocodilian fat remains underutilized, and its nutritional and medicinal properties have not been widely recognized. This review provides a bibliometric analysis of past research trends and highlights current developments related to crocodilian oil. Recent advances in the characterization of its physicochemical properties and health-related applications are summarized. The primary biological activities of this oil are attributed to its high unsaturated fatty acid and stearic acid contents. Emerging evidence supports its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and scar-reducing effects mediated through key signaling pathways, including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3, and AMP-activated protein kinase. Reported benefits include improvements in skin conditions and the modulation of energy metabolism. Potential applications encompass adjunctive treatment for Candida albicans infections, topical anti-inflammatory agents, moisturizers, and permeability enhancers in cosmetic formulations, and dietary oil substitutes for managing hypertriglyceridaemia and metabolic disorders affecting the liver and brain. Challenges and future research directions in this field are also discussed.

近年来，鳄类养殖的经济价值大幅攀升，使得鳄油作为富含多种生物活性成分的传统天然疗法愈发受到关注。尽管鳄油具备治疗潜力，但其仍未得到充分利用，其营养与药用价值也未获得广泛认可。本综述针对鳄油相关研究的既往趋势开展文献计量分析，并梳理了当前研究进展。本文总结了鳄油理化特性表征及其健康相关应用的最新研究成果。该油的主要生物学活性源于其高含量的不饱和脂肪酸与硬脂酸。现有新兴研究证据表明，其可通过p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶、转化生长因子-β1/Smad3以及AMP活化蛋白激酶等关键信号通路，发挥抗炎、抗菌及祛疤功效。已报道的应用益处包括改善皮肤状况与调节能量代谢。其潜在应用场景涵盖白色念珠菌感染的辅助治疗、外用抗炎制剂、保湿剂、化妆品配方中的透皮促进剂，以及用于治疗高甘油三酯血症与影响肝脑的代谢紊乱的食用油脂替代品。本文同时探讨了该领域面临的挑战与未来研究方向。