Supplementary Material for: Olfactory Carcinoma, Similar yet Distinct to Olfactory Neuroblastoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction:
Olfactory carcinoma (OC) is a rare tumor that is often misdiagnosed as olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB). Due to its rarity, there is no established standard treatment for OC, and there have been no reports of successful long-term follow-up treatment yet.

Case Presentation:
Two male patients, aged 54 and 48, presented with similar symptoms of nasal obstruction, anosmia, facial swelling, and epistaxis. Imaging in both cases revealed large, locally advanced sinonasal neoplasms. Initial biopsies were concerning for ONB, however final pathological analyses confirmed high grade OC. Treatment comprised induction chemotherapy, extensive skull base tumor resection, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and reconstructive surgery in both cases. The 54-year-old remains disease free at 7 years, while the 48-year-old demonstrates no evidence of disease at 8 months.

Conclusion:
Accurate diagnostic differentiation is imperative to optimize a treatment approach. Although outcomes with OC tend to be worse than those of ONB, effective control can be achieved with judicious concurrent use of neoadjuvant, surgery, and adjuvant treatments. Ongoing surveillance, biobanking, and genomic analysis are crucial to gain a better understanding of this complex disease.

引言：
嗅癌（Olfactory Carcinoma, OC）是一类罕见肿瘤，常被误诊为嗅神经母细胞瘤（Olfactory Neuroblastoma, ONB）。由于其发病率极低，目前尚无公认的标准治疗方案，且尚未见成功开展长期随访治疗的相关报道。

病例报告：
两名男性患者分别为54岁和48岁，均表现出鼻塞、嗅觉丧失、面部肿胀及鼻出血等相似症状。影像学检查均提示存在体积较大的局部进展性鼻窦肿瘤。首次活检高度怀疑为嗅神经母细胞瘤，但最终病理分析证实为高级别嗅癌。两名患者均接受了诱导化疗、大范围颅底肿瘤切除术、辅助放化疗及重建手术。54岁患者术后7年仍无病生存，而48岁患者术后8个月未发现疾病残留或复发迹象。

结论：
精准的诊断鉴别对于优化治疗方案至关重要。尽管嗅癌的预后通常差于嗅神经母细胞瘤，但通过合理联合应用新辅助治疗、手术及辅助治疗，可实现有效的疾病控制。持续的随访监测、生物样本库建设及基因组分析，对于深入理解这一复杂疾病具有关键意义。