Gastrointestinal microbiota of Liaoning cashmere goats

In this study, samples of rumen, jejunal, cecal contents, feces, skin tissue, and subcutaneous adipose tissue were collected from Liaoning Cashmere goats at 1 and 18 months of age. In 1-month-old goats, the cecal genus Breznakia showed a positive regulatory effect on adenosine levels, which may activate the cAMP signaling pathway, enhancing the expression of keratin-related genes. In 18-month-old goats, the cecal genera Prevotella and Prevotellaceae_YAB2003_group exhibited a negative regulatory effect on spermidine and PI(16:0_16:1), potentially modulating hair follicle anagen via the arginine and proline metabolism pathway. Comparative analysis under different nutritional conditions revealed that prostaglandin D2, negatively regulated by Family_XIII_AD3011_group and Syntrophococcus in the jejunum and g__norank_f__Bifidobacteriaceae in the rumen, may promote arachidonic acid biosynthesis and induce the catagen phase of hair follicle cycling. Integrative multi-omics analysis demonstrated that the developmental dynamics of cashmere at different growth stages are modulated by distinct gut microbiota and associated metabolites. These findings provide critical theoretical insights for improving cashmere fineness through targeted manipulation of the gastrointestinal microbiome in Liaoning Cashmere goats.Conclusion:This study reveals that cecal microbiota (Breznakia, Prevotella) modulate adenosine, spermidine, and PI(16:0_16:1) to regulate hair follicle differentiation during development. Key jejunal and ruminal microbiota negatively regulate PGD2 to drive nutrient metabolism. Multi-omics analysis provides a theoretical basis for targeted microbial interventions to improve cashmere fineness.

本研究采集了1月龄与18月龄辽宁绒山羊的瘤胃、空肠、盲肠内容物、粪便、皮肤组织以及皮下脂肪组织样本。在1月龄绒山羊中，盲肠布雷兹纳克菌属（Breznakia）对腺苷水平具有正向调控作用，可激活环腺苷酸（cAMP）信号通路，进而上调角蛋白相关基因的表达。在18月龄绒山羊中，盲肠普雷沃氏菌属（Prevotella）与普雷沃氏菌科_YAB2003_group（Prevotellaceae_YAB2003_group）对亚精胺及磷脂酰肌醇（PI(16:0_16:1)）具有负向调控作用，或可通过精氨酸与脯氨酸代谢通路调控毛囊生长期。不同营养条件下的比较分析显示，前列腺素D2（prostaglandin D2）分别受空肠中的Family_XIII_AD3011_group与互营球菌属（Syntrophococcus）、瘤胃中的g__norank_f__Bifidobacteriaceae负向调控，可促进花生四烯酸生物合成，并诱导毛囊周期进入退行期。整合多组学分析表明，不同生长阶段绒山羊绒毛的发育动态受特定肠道菌群及其关联代谢物的调控。本研究结果为通过靶向调控辽宁绒山羊胃肠道菌群以提升羊绒细度提供了关键理论支撑。结论：本研究揭示，盲肠菌群（Breznakia、Prevotella）可通过调控腺苷、亚精胺与PI(16:0_16:1)的水平，在发育过程中调控毛囊分化；关键空肠与瘤胃菌群可负向调控前列腺素D2（PGD2）以驱动营养代谢；多组学分析为通过靶向微生物干预提升羊绒细度提供了理论基础。