欧盟农业的数字化现状

欧盟农业部门的数字化是更广泛的欧盟数字议程和共同农业政策（CAP）的重要组成部分，旨在通过数字化转型提高农业的竞争力、可持续性和弹性。本报告分析了欧盟农业数字化的现状，涵盖通用IT和软件工具以及农场特定技术的采用、关键驱动因素和障碍、感知的可持续性方面以及农场层面的数据收集、管理和共享实践。该分析基于2024年6月至10月期间收集的来自德国、爱尔兰、希腊、西班牙、法国、意大利、立陶宛、匈牙利和波兰等九个欧盟成员国的1444名受访者的农场调查数据。结果表明，虽然通用IT和软件工具被广泛使用，但专门用于农作物或畜牧业生产的更昂贵的技术尚未得到广泛采用。大型农场、互联网连接较好的农场和接受过专业培训的农场的采用率更高。采用的主要驱动因素包括效率提高、成本节约、监管压力和生活质量的提高，而高成本和有限的技能仍然是显着的障碍。农民希望数字技术能够产生积极的经济、环境和社会影响。农场层面的数据收集仍然主要是手动或基于基本的数字工具，这增加了农民的行政负担。农民似乎对数据共享采取了选择性的方法，这主要是出于对隐私、安全和数据控制的担忧。促进透明的数据政策，确保农民从共享中受益，并对先进技术采取有针对性的政策方法，有助于建立信任并支持更广泛的数字采用。

Digitalization in the EU agricultural sector is a critical component of the broader EU Digital Agenda and Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), which aims to enhance the competitiveness, sustainability and resilience of agriculture through digital transformation. This report analyzes the current state of agricultural digitization in the EU, covering the adoption of general-purpose IT and software tools as well as farm-specific technologies, key driving factors and barriers, perceived sustainability aspects, and data collection, management and sharing practices at the farm level. The analysis is based on farm survey data collected from 1,444 respondents across nine EU member states: Germany, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Lithuania, Hungary and Poland, during the period from June to October 2024. The findings indicate that while general-purpose IT and software tools are widely used, more expensive technologies specifically tailored for crop or livestock production have not yet achieved widespread adoption. Higher adoption rates are seen among large-scale farms, farms with better internet connectivity, and farms whose operators have received professional training. The main driving factors for adoption include improved efficiency, cost savings, regulatory pressure and enhanced quality of life, while high costs and limited skills remain prominent barriers. Farmers expect digital technologies to generate positive economic, environmental and social impacts. Data collection at the farm level still relies primarily on manual processes or basic digital tools, which increases the administrative burden on farmers. Farmers appear to take a selective approach to data sharing, largely driven by concerns over privacy, security and data control. Promoting transparent data policies, ensuring farmers benefit from data sharing, and adopting targeted policy measures for advanced technologies will help build trust and support broader digital adoption.