Supplementary Material for: Molecular detection of parvovirus in Manchurian chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus asiaticus) captured in Korea

Cross-species transmission of viral diseases alarms our global community for its potential of novel pandemic events. Of various viral pathogens noted recently, parvoviruses have posed public health threats not only to humans but to wild animals. To investigate the prevalence of parvoviruses in wild Manchurian chipmunks, here we detected genetic fragments of the nonstructural protein of parvovirus by polymerase chain reaction in wild Manchurian chipmunk specimens captured in the central and southern regions of South Korea and compared their sequence homology with references. Of a total of 348 specimens examined, chipmunk parvovirus (ChpPV)-specific gene fragments were detected with a 31.32 % rate (109 chipmunks of 348) in their kidney, liver, lung, and spleen samples, and the chipmunks captured in Gangwon Province exhibited the highest positive rate (45.37%), followed by Gyeongsang (35.29%), Gyeonggi (31.03%), Chungcheong (20.00%), and Jeolla (19.70%). When compared with the reference sequences registered in GenBank, a partial ChpPV sequence showed 97.70% identity to the previously reported Korean strain at the nucleic acid level. In the phylogenetic analysis, ChpPV exhibited closer relationship to primate parvoviruses, erythroviruses, and bovine parvovirus than to adeno-associated viruses. Despite limited sample size and genetic sequences examined in this study, our results underline the prevalence of ChpPV in Korea and emphasize the need of close surveillance of parvoviruses in wild animals.

病毒性疾病的跨物种传播，因其存在引发新型大流行事件的潜在风险，正为全球社会敲响警钟。近期受到关注的各类病毒病原体中，细小病毒不仅对人类，也对野生动物构成了公共健康威胁。为探究野生满洲花栗鼠体内细小病毒的流行情况，本研究对捕获自韩国中南部地区的野生满洲花栗鼠样本，采用聚合酶链式反应（Polymerase Chain Reaction）检测其细小病毒非结构蛋白的基因片段，并将其序列同源性与参考序列进行比对。在共计检测的348份样本中，从109只花栗鼠的肾脏、肝脏、肺脏及脾脏样本中检出了花栗鼠细小病毒（chipmunk parvovirus, ChpPV）特异性基因片段，检出率为31.32%（348只花栗鼠中109只呈阳性）；其中捕获自江原道（Gangwon Province）的花栗鼠阳性率最高（45.37%），其次为庆尚道（Gyeongsang，35.29%）、京畿道（Gyeonggi，31.03%）、忠清道（Chungcheong，20.00%）与全罗道（Jeolla，19.70%）。将本研究获得的部分ChpPV序列与GenBank中注册的参考序列比对后发现，其在核酸水平与此前报道的韩国毒株同源性达97.70%。系统发育分析结果显示，与腺相关病毒相比，ChpPV与灵长类细小病毒、红细胞病毒属及牛细小病毒的亲缘关系更为紧密。尽管本研究的样本量及所检测的基因序列均存在局限性，但本研究结果明确了韩国境内ChpPV的流行情况，并强调了对野生动物细小病毒进行严密监测的必要性。