Train timetable data.

In order to improve the operation efficiency and market competitiveness, how to optimize the ticket pricing strategy of high-speed railway to match the dynamic supply-demand relationship was an urgent problem to be studied. Taking differentiated passenger demand and supply trains as the research object, the space-time service network based on train timetable was constructed. The generalized cost formula and travel utility formula of passenger travel were proposed, which contained economy, rapidity, convenience, comfort, and route correlation cost. A multi-objective dynamic pricing model was proposed. The model aimed at maximize the corporate revenue and maximize passenger travel benefit, and was solved by large neighborhood search heuristic algorithm and path size logit assignment based on capacity constraint-passenger flow increment accurate algorithm. Based on real data, the Shandong circular high-speed railway case compared the average total revenue under different ticket price adjustment ranges and the ticket price for different classes of trains under different OD levels. The case proved the practicability of dynamic pricing adjustment strategy considering train classification, which could provide a reference for the ticket price management of high-speed railway.

为提升运营效率与市场竞争力，如何优化高速铁路票价策略以匹配动态供需关系，是亟待研究的重要课题。本研究以差异化旅客出行需求与差异化供给列车为研究对象，构建了基于列车运行图的时空服务网络；提出了涵盖经济性、快速性、便捷性、舒适性与路径关联成本的旅客出行广义费用公式与出行效用公式。构建了以企业收益最大化与旅客出行效用最大化为目标的多目标动态定价模型，并采用大邻域搜索启发式算法（Large Neighborhood Search Heuristic Algorithm）与基于容量约束-客流增量精准分配算法的路径规模Logit分配方法对模型进行求解。基于真实运营数据，以山东环线高速铁路为案例，对比分析了不同票价调整幅度下的平均总收益，以及不同OD（Origin-Destination）等级下各等级列车的票价水平。案例验证了考虑列车等级划分的动态票价调整策略的实用性，可为高速铁路票价管理提供参考依据。