Data_Sheet_1_Current Situation, Global Potential Distribution and Evolution of Six Almond Species in China.docx

Almond resources are widely distributed in Central Asia; its distribution has not been studied in detail. Based on the first-hand data of field investigation, climate variables and chloroplast genome data, climatic characteristics of six almond species in China were analyzed, and the global distribution and evolutionary relationship were predicted. The six almond species are concentrated between 27.99°N and 60.47°N. Different almond species have different climatic characteristics. The climate of the almond species distribution has its characteristics, and the distribution of almond species was consistent with the fatty acid cluster analysis. All the test AUC (area under curve) values of MaxEnt model were larger than 0.92. The seven continents except for Antarctica contain suitable areas for the six almond species, and such areas account for approximately 8.08% of the total area of these six continents. Based on the analysis of chloroplast DNA and the distribution characteristics, the evolutionary relationship of the six almond species was proposed, which indicated that China was not the origin of almond. In this study, the construction of a phylogenetic tree based on the chloroplast genome and the characteristics of geographical distribution were constructed. The six almond species in China may have evolved from “Unknown almond species” through two routes. The MaxEnt model for each almond species provided satisfactory results. The prediction results can provide the important reference for Prunus dulcis cultivation, wild almond species development and protection.

扁桃资源广泛分布于中亚地区，但其分布特征尚未得到细致研究。本研究基于野外调查一手数据、气候变量数据及叶绿体基因组数据，分析了中国境内6种扁桃的气候适配特征，并对其全球适生分布区与演化关系进行了预测。这6种扁桃的分布范围集中在北纬27.99°至60.47°之间。不同扁桃物种的气候适配特征存在显著差异，其分布区的气候具有独特属性，且分布格局与脂肪酸聚类分析结果一致。所有基于最大熵模型（MaxEnt）得到的曲线下面积（AUC，Area Under Curve）测试值均大于0.92。除南极洲外的其余六大洲均存在这6种扁桃的适生分布区，总面积约占这六大洲陆地总面积的8.08%。基于叶绿体DNA分析与分布特征研究，本研究推导了6种扁桃的演化关系，结果表明中国并非扁桃的起源地。本研究基于叶绿体基因组构建了系统发育树，并结合地理分布特征开展了相关分析。中国境内的6种扁桃可能由"未知扁桃物种"通过两条演化路径分化而来。针对各扁桃物种构建的最大熵模型均取得了优异的预测效果。本研究的预测结果可为普通扁桃（Prunus dulcis）的栽培、野生扁桃物种的保育与开发利用提供重要参考依据。